Estrus behavior and methods of detection

Question 1

another term for the flehmen response

Answer 1

“cajoling”

Question 2

one of the most accurate external signs of estrus in dairy cows is

Answer 2

standing for others jumping.

mounting or attempting to mount others (70%)

Question 3

estrus signs most active

Answer 3

late evening- night time

Question 4

Measurement of progesterone enables

Answer 4

avoiding reinseminating already pregnant cows. Each repeat insemination raises the risk of losing the early pregnancy and consequently delaying pregnancy even further.

Question 5

main reason for low fertility rates

Answer 5

poor estrus detection

Question 6

which species are inseminated directly into the uterus?

Answer 6

mares (sometimes sows)

Question 7

which species are inseminated into the cervix?

Answer 7

cows (called rectocervical method)

Question 8

vaginocervical insemination means?

Answer 8

guiding the semen straw to/through the cervix by manipulation transvaginally (as opposed to rectal guiding)

Question 9

length of standing heat in cows?

Answer 9

approx. 15 hours

(6 - 27 hours (14-18h))

Question 10

length of standing heat in sows?

Answer 10

between 1–3 days

(48 - 72 hours)

Question 11

when do cows ovulate?

Answer 11

11-13 hours after end of heat

(so ovulation occurs 24 to 32 hours after the START of standing heat)

Question 12

when do sows ovulate?

Answer 12

35-45 h after start of heat so 1,5-2 days after start of heat.

Question 13

how long is standing heat in mares?

Answer 13

4-8 days

(optimal first breeding day is 3rd day of heat)

Question 14

when do mares ovulate?

Answer 14

1-2 days before end of heat

Question 15

In which body cavity is the mare’s uterus found?

Answer 15

abdominal cavity (not pelvic!)

Question 16

Differences between cow and mare repro. organs. (4)

Answer 16

Cow ovaries curl downwards, mare’s curl upwards.

Both bicornuate but uterine body is much bigger in mares than in cows (cows have longer horns, mares have short uterine horns).

The ovaries in the mare are kidney-shaped and are two or three times larger than ovaries of a cow.

Cervical folds are circular in cows, longitudinal in mares.

Question 17

Size of mare follicle at ovulation.

Answer 17

3,5 - 4 cm in diameter