Advantages and disadvantages of AI, History. Sexual reflexes

Question 1

Name 7 assisted reproductive technologies.

Answer 1

AI
embryo transfer
oocyte transfer
IVF
ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection)
GIFT (gamete intrafallopian transfer)
Cloning

Question 2

Define ICSI.

Answer 2

intracytoplasmic sperm injection

oocyte matured for 30h after which one single sperm is physically inserted into the oocyte

Question 3

GIFT

Answer 3

gamete intrafallopian transfer

Question 4

In which species do sperm and oocyte not spontaneously fertilize in vitro?

Answer 4

equine

something to do the the ovum capsule thickness and equine sperm capacitation

Question 5

In what type of situation could estrus synchronization be useful in dairy cows?
And how?

Answer 5

On very large scale farms on which identifying single cows in heat is challengin. Using prostaglandin injections, groups of cows can be made to ovulate simultaneously and can thus also be inseminated as a group.

Question 6

What year was the first successful AI performed?

Answer 6

1780 by italian Spallanzani and a poodle dog

Question 7

What substance has historically been used for semen dilution?

Answer 7

raw milk

later, egg yolk was also used

Lipoproteins and phospholipids protect sperm from cold shock.

Question 8

Early modern semen dilution substance?

Answer 8

sodium citrate (1941)

allows sperm to survive +5’C for up to 3 days

Question 9

What substance was first used to freeze semen?

Answer 9

glycerol in 1949

But note over 5% glycerol is toxic to sperm.

Question 10

Average amount of ejaculate for a bull?

Answer 10

5-8ml (under 10 ml at least)

Question 11

Average amount of ejaculate for a ram?

Answer 11

1-2 ml

Question 12

One cow insemination dose volume is

Answer 12

0.25ml

Question 13

One bull ejaculate can be used to produce how many insemination doses?

Answer 13

400-500 doses

(approx. 50% success rate so approx. 250 pregnancies)

Question 14

Average amount of ejaculate for a boar?

Answer 14

250- 500ml

Question 15

Average amount of ejaculate for a stallion?

Answer 15

Commonly 50 ml, but 100 ml not impossible.

Question 16

Average amount of ejaculate for a dog?

Answer 16

0,5- 2,0 ml dependent on dog size

Question 17

How much does a dose of bovine semen cost on average?

Answer 17

in a range of 6- 20 eur

sexed semen will cost more around 25- 30 eur

Question 18

sexed semen likelihood of getting chosen sex of calf?

Answer 18

95% chance typically

95 out of 100 calves will be your chosen sex

Question 19

cost of stallion semen

Answer 19

hundreds to thousands

Question 20

ewe estrus cycle length

Answer 20

16-17 days

Question 21

bovine, mare & sow estruc cycle length

Answer 21

21 days

Question 22

age of heifer at first insemination

Answer 22

roughly 14-15 months

to achieve the target of an average age at first calving of 24 months

Question 23

age of young bull at first semen collection

Answer 23

18 months