Advantages and disadvantages of AI, History. Sexual reflexes Flashcards
Name 7 assisted reproductive technologies.
AI
embryo transfer
oocyte transfer
IVF
ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection)
GIFT (gamete intrafallopian transfer)
Cloning
Define ICSI.
intracytoplasmic sperm injection
oocyte matured for 30h after which one single sperm is physically inserted into the oocyte
GIFT
gamete intrafallopian transfer
In which species do sperm and oocyte not spontaneously fertilize in vitro?
equine
something to do the the ovum capsule thickness and equine sperm capacitation
In what type of situation could estrus synchronization be useful in dairy cows?
And how?
On very large scale farms on which identifying single cows in heat is challengin. Using prostaglandin injections, groups of cows can be made to ovulate simultaneously and can thus also be inseminated as a group.
What year was the first successful AI performed?
1780 by italian Spallanzani and a poodle dog
What substance has historically been used for semen dilution?
raw milk
later, egg yolk was also used
Lipoproteins and phospholipids protect sperm from cold shock.
Early modern semen dilution substance?
sodium citrate (1941)
allows sperm to survive +5’C for up to 3 days
What substance was first used to freeze semen?
glycerol in 1949
But note over 5% glycerol is toxic to sperm.
Average amount of ejaculate for a bull?
5-8ml (under 10 ml at least)
Average amount of ejaculate for a ram?
1-2 ml
One cow insemination dose volume is
0.25ml
One bull ejaculate can be used to produce how many insemination doses?
400-500 doses
(approx. 50% success rate so approx. 250 pregnancies)
Average amount of ejaculate for a boar?
250- 500ml
Average amount of ejaculate for a stallion?
Commonly 50 ml, but 100 ml not impossible.
Average amount of ejaculate for a dog?
0,5- 2,0 ml dependent on dog size
How much does a dose of bovine semen cost on average?
in a range of 6- 20 eur
sexed semen will cost more around 25- 30 eur
sexed semen likelihood of getting chosen sex of calf?
95% chance typically
95 out of 100 calves will be your chosen sex
cost of stallion semen
hundreds to thousands
ewe estrus cycle length
16-17 days
bovine, mare & sow estruc cycle length
21 days
age of heifer at first insemination
roughly 14-15 months
to achieve the target of an average age at first calving of 24 months
age of young bull at first semen collection
18 months
