Estrogens and Androgens

Question 1

Estrogens MOA and side effects

Answer 1

MOA: Binds intracellularly and regulates gene transcription.

Side effects: Endometrial cancer risk, uterine bleeding, Thrombus, HA, MI, peripheral edema, HTN, nausea.

Question 2

GnRH analogs. Pulse doses do what?

Chronic doses do what?

Answer 2

Pulse doses:
Spermatogenesis and induce ovulation

Continuous:
Tx prostate cancer and endometriosis

Question 3

SERMs MOA and side effects

Answer 3

Non steroid compounds that bind to estrogen receptors. Can be agonist or antag.

Causes hot flashes, nausea, drug drug interactions.

Question 4

MOA for raloxifene and tamoxifen

and clomiphene

Answer 4

raloxifene and tamoxifen - compete with estrogen for binding in breast tissue. Causes regression of some breast tumors.
Tamoxifen may increase changes of uterine cancer.
Raloxifine decreases bone resorption.

clomiphene- antagonist. Blocks neg feedback loop. More LH and FSH released. Helps with infertility.

Question 5

Tamoxifen side effects

Answer 5

Crystalline ret 
Macular edema 
Corneal opacities 
Cataract
ON

Question 6

Progestogens MOA and side effects

Answer 6

MOA: Tx hormonal deficiency, contraception.

Side effects: HA depression weight gain

Question 7

Synthetic progestogens that are more stable to first pass metabolism

Answer 7

Medroxyprogesterone.
Megostrol
Norethindrone

Question 8

Mifepristone

Answer 8

Progesterone antagonist. Admin causes abortion

Question 9

MOA of androgens

Answer 9

Anabolic agent. Promotes bone growth, development of genitals and increases muscle mass.

Testosterone binds specific nuclear receptor and regulates gene expression.

Question 10

Therapeutic use of androgens

Answer 10

Males with low testosterone secretion. Hypogonadism. Osteoporosis or chronic wasting.

Question 11

MOA of anti androgens

Answer 11

Biclutamide and Nilutamide prevent the production of GnRH to decrease testosterone production. Tx BPH and prostate cancer.

Flutamide- blocks action of testosterone in target organs. Tx prostate cancer.

Question 12

Contraceptive side effects

Answer 12

Usually due to estrogen component. Fluid retention, HA, nausea, vomiting.

Increase risk of cervical cancer.
Weight gain
Increase HDL and decrease LDL

Question 13

LH controls the production of what two hormones

Answer 13

Estrogen and testosterone. These will act as negative feedback on the hypothalamus and stop release of GnRH.

Question 14

Progestogen is produced in response to

Answer 14

LH in both males and females. Promotes development of endometrium in women.

Question 15

Admin of testosterone

Answer 15

Ineffective orally due to first pass