Esthetics Flashcards
Ph scale
Is used to measure the acidity and alkalinity of substances
Acidic solution
A PH below 7
Alkaline solution
A PH above 7
Alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs)
Derived mostly from milk or fruit sugars, are examples of acids often used to exfoliate the skin and to help adjust the PH of a lotion, conditioner, or cream
Alkalis
Also known as bases; compounds that reacts with acids to form salts
Acid-alkali neutralization reactions
Occur when an acid is mixed with an alkali in equal proportions,balancing the total PH and forming water and a salt
Glycolic acid
An alpha hydroxy acid(AHAs) used in exfoliation and to lower the PH of products
Thioglycolic acid
A colorless liquid or white crystals with a strong unpleasant odor that is used in permanent waving solutions
Sodium hydroxide
A very strong alkali used in chemical products and cleaners; commonly known as lye
State regulatory agencies
They protect beauty professionals and their customers health and safety during services
Chelating soaps
They breakdown stubborn films and remove the residue of products such as scrubs, salts, and masks; also known as chelating detergents
Contagious disease
When a disease is capable of being spread from one person to another
Aka: communicable disease
Sanitizing
A chemical process for reducing the number of disease-causing germs in clean surfaces to a safe level
Cleaning
A mechanical process using soap and water or detergent and water to remove all visible dirt, debris, and many disease causing germs
Infection control
Refers to the methods used to eliminate or reduce the transmission of infectious organisms from one individual to another
Disease
Any abnormal condition of all or part of the body, its systems, or its organs that make the body incapable of carrying on normal functions
Infection
The invasion of body tissues by disease causing pathogens
Transmission
The process by which pathogens move between individuals and objects
Direct transmission
Transmission of pathogens through touching,kissing, coughing,sneezing, and talking
Local infection
Such as a pimple or abcess, is confined to a particular part of the body and appears as a lesion containing pus
Systemic infection
An infection where the pathogen has spread throughout the body rather than staying in one area or organ
Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Infectious staph bacteria that is highly resistant to conventional treatments such as antibiotics
Mycobacterium
The name for a large family of bacteria that is often found in soil and water
Disinfectants
Chemical products that destroy most bacteria,fungi,and viruses on surfaces
Disinfecting
A chemical process for use with nonporous items that uses specific products to destroy harmful organisms including bacteria,viruses, and fungi on implements and environmental surfaces
Sterilizing
The process that destroys all microbial life including spores, generally with the use of an autoclave
Occupational safety and health administration (OSHA)
A part of the U.S department of labor to regulate and enforce safety and health standards to protect employees in the workplace
Environmental protection agency (EPA)
Registers all types of disinfectants sold and used in the U.S
Tuberculosis
Disease caused by bacteria that are transmitted through coughing or sneezing
How long should you wash your hands?
Minimum of 20 seconds
Exposure incident
Is contact with non-intact(broken) skin, blood, body fluid, or other potentially infectious materials that is the result of the performance of a workers duties
Biofilms
Colonies of microorganisms that adhere to environmental surfaces, as well as the human body
Scabies
A contagious skin disease caused by the itch mite which burrows under the skin
Pediculosis capitis
Infestation of head lice
Parasites
Organisms that grow, feed, and shelter on or inside another organism, while contributing nothing to the survival of that organism
Ringworm
A fungal infection of the skin that appears in circular lesions
Mildew
A fungus, affects plants or grows inanimate objects but does not cause human infections in the salon, spa, or barbershop
Fungi
Single celled organisms that grow inanimate objects irregular masses that include molds, mildews, and yeasts
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Cause: acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), a disease that breaks down the body’s immune system
Bacteria
Single celled microorganisms that have both plant and animal characteristics
Microorganism
Any organism of microscopic or submicroscopic size
Pathogenic bacteria
Harmful microorganisms that can cause disease or infection in humans when they invade the body
Nonpathogenic bacteria
Harmless organisms that may perform useful functions
Inflammation
A condition in which the tissue of the body reacts to injury, irritation, or infection
Characterized by redness, heat, pain, and/or swelling
Pus
A fluid containing white blood cells, bacteria, and dead cells, and is the by-product of the infectious process
Hepatitis
A blood borne virus that causes disease and can damage the liver
Bloodborne pathogens
Disease causing microorganisms that are carried in the body by blood or body fluids, such as hepatitis and HIV
Human papilloma virus(HPV) and herpes simplex virus
Two highly contagious viruses that can be transmitted both directly and indirectly
Disinfectants must be
-bactericidal, virucidal, fungicidal
Bactericidal
Capable of destroying bacteria
Virucidal
Capable of destroying viruses
Fungicidal
Capable of destroying molds and fungi
Bacterial spores
Bacteria capable of producing a protective coating that allows them to withstand very harsh environments and to shed the coating when the condition become more favorable to them
Infectious disease
Caused by pathogenic( harmful) organisms that enter the body
Oxidation-reduction
Also known as redox, is a chemical reaction in which oxidation and reduction take place at the same time
When oxygen is chemically combined with a substance , the substance is
Oxidized
When oxygen is chemically removed from a substance the substance is
Reduced
Oxidizing agent
Substance that release oxygen
Example: hydrogen peroxide
Reducing agent
A substance that adds hydrogen to a chemical compound it subtracts oxygen from the compound
