Esthetic Practices 45% Of Exam Flashcards
1
Q
Skin type
A
Classification that describes a persons genetic skin type
2
Q
Genetic
A
Related to heredity and ancestry of origin
3
Q
T-zone
A
Center area of the face; corresponds to the “T” shape formed by the forehead, nose, and chin
4
Q
Palpation
A
Manual manipulation of tissue by touching to make an assessment of its condition
5
Q
TEWL ( transepidermal water loss)
A
Water loss caused by evaporation on the skins surface
6
Q
Fitzpatrick scale
A
Scale used to measure skins reaction to the sun. There are six types: type 1 is the fairest, and type 6 is the darkest; all skin falls somewhere on this scale when evaluated on factors such as eye color, skin tone, heritage, and response to UV exposure
7
Q
Telangiectasia
A
Visible broken or distended capillaries less than 0.5 mm due to intrinsic or extrinsic causes
Aka spider veins
8
Q
Décolleté
A
Pertaining to a women’s lower neck and chest
9
Q
Dehydration
A
Lack of water
10
Q
Acne
A
Sebaceous breakouts from hormonal changes or other factors
11
Q
Actinic keratosis
A
A touch area resulting from chronic sun exposure, sometimes with a layered scale or scab that sometimes falls off. Can be precancerous
12
Q
Aging
A
Characterized by skin laxity due to collagen and bone loss, thinner skin, dryness, photo damage, and fine line or wrinkles
13
Q
Asphyxiated
A
Smokers have asphyxiated skin from lack of oxygen. Characterized by clogged pores and wrinkles; dull and lifeless-looking. Can be yellowish or gray in color.
14
Q
Comedones
A
Open comedones are blackheads and clogged pores caused by a buildup of debris, oil, and dead skin cells in the follicles. Closed comedones, also called whiteheads, are not open to the air or oxygen; they are trapped by dead skin cells and need to be exfoliated and extracted.
15
Q
Couperose skin
A
Redness in the skin with no visible vascularity because the matting of blood vessels is so small and fine. Often seen with telangiectasia
16
Q
Cysts
A
Fluid, infection, or other matter under the skin that is encapsulated into a palpable form mass of varying sizes, from pea to a golf ball
17
Q
Enlarged pores
A
Larger follicles due to excess oil and debris trapped in the follicles or expansion due to elasticity loss or trauma
18
Q
Erythema
A
Redness caused by inflammation
19
Q
Growths
A
Skin cells and underlying tissue that overproduce and create an area that could be raised or flat, but can be distinguished with palpation. They may be the same color as surrounding tissue or may be pigmented. They can be present at birth or develop later.
20
Q
Hirsutism
A
Excess body hair located in regions where hair is not normally present, such as facial hair for women. It is commonly caused by hormonal Imbalance. Polycystic ovarian syndrome(pcos) is possible cause of this. Signs and symptoms of pcos include irregular or no menstrual periods, heavy periods, excess body and facial hair, acne, pelvic pain, difficulty getting pregnant, and patches of thick, darker, velvety skin.
21
Q
Hyperkeratinization
A
An excessive buildup of dead skin cells/keratinized cells
22
Q
Hyperpigmentation
A
Overproduction of melanin
23
Q
Hypertrichosis
A
Refers to any excess hair growth, whether it is caused f on a hormonal imbalance or heredity
24
Q
Hypopigmentation
A
Lack of melanin production
25
Irritation
Usually redness or inflammation; from a variety of causes
26
Keratosis
A buildup of cells; a rough texture
27
Melasma
A form of hyperpigmentation that is characterized by bilateral patches of brown pigmentation in the cheeks, jawline, forehead, and upper lip; due to hormonal imbalances, such as pregnancy, birth control pills, or hormone replacement therapy. Gets worse with sun exposure
28
Milia
Hardened, pearl-like collections of oil and dead skin cells trapped beneath the surface of the skin.They are not exposed to oxygen and have to be lanced to open and remove them. They get are typically the size of the head of a pin.
29
Papules
Raised lesions; also called blemishes
30
Poikiloderma of civatte
A result of chronic sun exposure, specifically along the sides of the neck, which turn a reddish-brown color with a clear demarcation of unmanned skin under the chin
31
Poor elasticity
Skin laxity from damage, sun, and aging
32
Pustules
An infected papule with fluid inside
33
Sebaceous hyperplasia
Benign lesions seen in oilier areas of the face; described as looking like doughnut holes; cannot be extracted
34
Seborrhea
Also known as seborrheic dermatitis. Excess oil production that causes redness, irritation, and flaking. Occurs most commonly in the hair as dandruff
35
Sensitivities
Physical reactions, such as erythema, edema, wheals, itching, stinging, or discomfort from internal or external influence on the skin
36
Solar comedones
Large open comedones; usually around the eyes, due to sun exposure
37
Striae or stretch marks
Dermal scars due to rapid expansion or stretching of connective tissue leaving deep red, pink, or purple linear marks on the skin that gradually fade to light pink or silver over time. They often occur during growth phases in puberty, pregnancy, and weight gain
38
Sun damage
If damage to the epidermis and dermis; primary effects are wrinkles, collagen and elastin breakdown, pigmentation, and cancer
39
Wrinkles/aging (rhytids)
Lines and damage from internal or external cause
40
Extrinsic
Primarily environmental factors that contribute to aging and the appearance of aging
41
Intrinsic
Skin-aging factors over which we have little control because they are a part of our genetics and familial heredity
42
Contraindications
Factors that prohibit a treatment due to a condition; treatments could cause harmful or negative side effects to those who have specific medical or skin conditions
43
Fitzpatrick type 1
Eyes: Blue/green
Hair: Blond/red
Skin: Very white/almost translucent
Always burns/does not tan
44
Fitzpatrick type 2
Eyes:Blue/hazel/brown
Hair: Red/blonde/brown
Skin:Light
Burns easily/tans minimally
45
Fitzpatrick type 3
Eyes: Brown
Hair: Dark
Skin: Fair to olive
Tans well/burns moderately
46
Fitzpatrick type 4
Eyes: Dark
Hair: Dark
Skin: Light brown
Tans easily/burns minimally
47
Fitzpatrick type 5
Eyes: Dark
Hair: Dark
Skin: Dark brown
Rarely burns/tans easily
48
Fitzpatrick type 6
Eyes: Dark
Hair: Dark
Skin: Dark brown, black
Rarely/never burns/tans easily
49
Intake Form
Also called client questionnaire, health history form, or consultation form, discloses the client's health history, all products and medications, medical conditions, known allergies or sensitivities, at home skin regimen and previous or current skin treatments
50
Consent Form
A customary written agreement between the esthetician and the client for applying the treatment, whether routine or preoperative
51
Client Chart/Service Record Card
A record of all the esthetician's notes from the skin analysis, the type of treatment performed, products used in the treatment, goals you are working toward, your home care recommendations, and other consultation notes
52
Four components of skin analysis
Look
Feel
Ask
Listen
53
Facial
A professional service designed to improve the appearance of the facial skin
54
Draping
Drape the client properly by adjusting the head drape, pillow, and linens.
55
Cleanse
Removes impurities and makeup before the in-depth skin analysis and facial treatment
56
Cream based cleansers
For dry to more mature skin types
57
Mousse cleansers
For combination skin
58
Gels and liquid cleansers
For oilier skin
59
Toners
Finish cleaning process by removing any residue from the cleanser left on the skin and help restore the skin's pH balance
60
Astringent formulas
Can help reduce the appearance of the pores
61
Skin analysis
Analysis where esthetician's check for any other conditions/contraindications prohibiting a facial. Most crucial step in recommending the most effective professional treatments possible
62
Exfoiliation
process of removing dead skin cells that make the skin feel rough and clog the follicle
63
Exfoliation products
AHAs
BHAs
Manual scrubs
Enzyme peels
Brush machine
64
Exfoliation methods
Mechanical
Chemical
Electrotherapy
65
Mechanical Exfoliation
Use of the rotary brush or microdermabrasion
66
Chemical Exfoliation
Exfoliation using enzyme and AHAs, BHAs, azelaic acid, or kojic acid
67
Granular/Manual Exfoliation
Use of a granular product such as, honey and jojoba beads or rice bran wax to help remove dead skin and debris by manipulation with the fingertips
68
Desincrustation
Process used to soften and emulsify sebum such as comedones in the follicles
69
Steam
Promotes more effective cleansing, as warmth softens the follicles, typically used before deep pore cleansing
70
Extraction
Technique of manually removing comedones from follicles
71
Treatment masks
Concentrated treatment product often composed of herbs, vitamins, mineral clays, moisturizing agents, skin softeners, etc. Can draw out impurities, clear up blemishes, tighten and tone skin, and hydrate, calm, or rejuvenate the skin
72
Serums
concentrated ingredients used for specific corrective treatments
73
Moisturizers
Emulsions that can be cream, oil or gel based; seal in moisture and help reinforce the barrier layer of the skin
74
Sun Protection Products
Full spectrum sunscreen protects the skin from both UVA and UVB rays
75
Massage
A manual or mechanical manipulation achieved by rubbing, kneading, or other methods that stimulate metabolism and circulation
76
Massage Benefits
Promotes physiological relaxation, stimulates blood circulation, helps muscle tone, cleanses skin of impurities, softens sebum, helps slough off dead skin cells, helps relieve muscle pain, and provides a sense of well-being
77
Five Massage Movements
Effleurage
Pétrissage
Tapotement
Friction
Vibration
78
Effleurage
A soft, continuous stroking movement applied with the fingers and palms in a slow and rhythmic manner
79
Prétrissage
A compression technique that includes kneading, squeezing, and pinching
80
Tapotement
also knows as percussion, is a percussion stroke in which the fingertips strike the skin in rapid succession or fast tapping movements
81
Friction
an invigorating rubbing technique that stimulates the circulation and glandular activity of the skin
82
Vibration
a rapid shaking movement in which the esthetician typically uses their body and shoulders to create the movement
83
Alternative Massage Techniques
Acupressure
Shiatsu
Pressure point massage
Aromatherapy massage
Manual lymph drainage (MLD)
84
Manual Lymph Drainage (MLD) Massage
uses gentle, rhythmic pressure on the lymphatic system to detoxify and remove waste materials from the body more quickly
85
Dr. Jacquet Massage
A facial massage technique that uses gentle pinching and kneading to improve circulation and stimulate the skin
86
Mature Skin Masks
Peptide, collagen, and hydrating masks
87
Thermal mask
Force feeds nutrients into the skin and help soften the appearance of the skin, diminishing the appearance of the fine lines
88
Masks for sensitive and sensitized skin or rosacea
A soothing cream or gel mask is great for calming and toning down the appearance of redness/ freeze dried collagen mask are good for redness/sensitive skin
89
Acne treatment masks
Clay based mask to help deep cleanse the pores while helping to make skin feel soothed
Then a soothing mask
90
Foliculitis
an inflammation of the hair follicles
91
Pseudofolliculitis
also know as razor bumps, resembles folliculitis without the infection
92
Electrotherapy
Use of electrical devices for therapeutic benefits
93
Electrical Devices
Enhance facial treatments by making it easier to give a skin analysis, by helping to achieve better product penetration, or by exfoliating the skin
94
Wood's Lamp
Developed by American physicist Robert Williams Wood, is a filtered black light that is used to illuminate fungi, bacterial, disorders, pigmentation problems, and other skin problems
95
Vacuum Machine
Also know as the suction machine, is used in a facial when the esthetician's goal is to remove impurities, stimulate the skin, or perform a machine-aided facial lymphatic massage
96
Galvanic Current
Uses to create two significant reactions in esthetics:
Chemical desincrustation
Ionic iontophoresis
97
Galvanic Machine
Converts the alternating current received from an electrical outlet into a direct current
98
Chemical desincrustation
Causes an alkaline reaction to soften the follicles for deep cleansing
99
Ionic Iontophoresis
Used for introducing a water-soluble product into the skin
100
Saponification
Creates a chemical reaction that transforms the sebum of the skin into soap
101
Ionization
The separating of a substance into ions
102
Cataphoresis
refers to the infusion of a positive product
103
Anaphoresis
refers to the infusion of a negative product
104
Spray machine
Part of the vacuum machine; affects the skin by adding moisture during or after a treatment and is used to calm and hydrate the skin
105
Electric mitt and boots
Increase penetration of lotions and creams applied to the skin
106
Hair Follicle
A mass of epidermal cells forming a small tube
107
Types of Hair
Lanugo hair
Vellus hair
Terminal hair
108
Lanugo Hair
Soft downy hair found on a fetus
109
Vellus Hair
Found in areas that are not covered by the larger coarse terminal hair
110
Terminal Hair
The longer, coarse hair found on the head, brows, lashes, genitals, arms, and legs
111
Hair Growth Cycle Phases
Anagen
Catagen
Telogen
112
Anagen
Phase of the growth stage where new hair is produces
113
Catagen
The transition stage of the hair growth
114
Telogen
The final, or resting, stage of hair growth
115
Depilation
A process of removing hair at or near the level of the skin
Includes shaving and chemical depilation
116
Epilation
Process of removing hair from the bottom of the follicle by breaking contact between the bulb and the papilla
117
Tweezing
Method of using tweezers to pull hair out by the root one at a time
118
Shaving
Hair is removed down the the skin's surface
119
Depilatory
A chemical substance spread on the skin to dissolve the hair at the surface of the skin and just below the stratum corneum
120
Threading
Method of epilation that uses cotton thread that is looped and twisted in the middle then quickly and selectively guided along the surface of the skin
121
Methods of permanent hair removal and reduction
Electrolysis
Laser hair removal
Intense pulse light (IPL)
122
Hard Wax
No strip is used for removal
123
Soft Wax
Strip is used for removal
124
High-definition makeup
Designed to be invisible when using high-definition cameras
125
Airbrush Makeup
Used for photography, film, theater, fantasy, and bridal makeup
126
Camouflage Makeup
Is an important skill set when working with postoperative patients, persons with congenital effects or scarring, or persons experiencing illness or injury
127
Acids pH
0 to 6
128
Alkalines pH
8 to 14
129
Nuetral pH
7
130
Cell Renewal Factor
Also know as cell turnover rate; the rate of cell mitosis and migration from the dermis to the top of the epidermis
131
Superficial peels
Removes cells from on the stratum corneum
132
Jessner's peel
4 to 10 layers that contain lactic acid, salicylic acid, and resorcinol in an ethanol solvent
133
Enzyme Peel
Physical efoliants that work to remove dead skin cells on the surface of the skin
134
Alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs)
Mild acids that come in different percentages and pH levels and help to dissolve the desmosomes between cells to keep skin cells exfoliated
135
AHAs incude
Glycolic Acid
Lactic Acid
Tartaric Acid
Malic Acid
Citric Acid
Mandelic Acid
136
Glycolic Acid
Commonly used AHA that can penetrate the epidermis more effectively because is had the smallest molecular size of the AHAs
137
Beta hydroxy acids (BHAs)
Work under the same premise as AHAs but are better suited to dissolve oil and are primarily used for oily skin and acne
138
BHAs include
Salicylic Acid
139
Ultasonic
Equipment is based on high frequency mechanical oscillations produced by a metal spatula like tool
140
Ultrasound
Technology in esthetics can be used for product penetration and for cellulite reduction
141
Body Treatments include
Wraps
Scrubs
Masks
142
Body Wraps
Treatments where product is applied on the body then covered or wrapped up
143
Body Scrubs
uses friction to exfoliate and hydrate, increases circulation, and nourish skin
144
Body Masks
Remineralize and detoxify the body using primarily clay, mud, or seaweed mixtures
145
Hydrotherapy
Spa treatment that uses water in its three forms (ice, steam and liquid)
146
Balneotherapy
the treatment of physical ailments using therapeutic water baths
147
Stone Massage
The technique of using hot stones and cold stones in massage or other treatments
148
Foot Reflexology
The technique of applying pressure to the feet based on a system of zones and areas on the feet that directly correspond to the anatomy of the body
149
Cellulite
Appears as dimpled or bumpy skin caused primarily by female hormones and genetics; consists of fat cells
150
Nonablative
procedures that do not remove tissue
151
Injectable fillers
Substances used in nonsurgical procedures to fill in or plump up areas of the skin
152
Dermal fillers
Used to fill lines, wrinkles, and other facial imperfections
153
Surgical Procedures
Reconstructive
Cosmetic
154
Reconstructive surgery
Restores a bodily function
155
Cosmetic surgery
or esthetic surgery, elective surgery for improving or altering the appearance
