Esters, Fats and Oils Flashcards
Ethanol+propanoic acid forms what ester?
Ethyl Propanoate
Ethyl butanoate + water forms what
Butanoic acid and Ethanol
Ethyl butanoate + Sodium hydroxide forms what
Ethanol and Sodium butanoate
State some uses of Esters
Many esters are used as flavourings and in perfumes
What is another name for glycerol
Propane-1,2,3-triol
What are long chain carboxylic acids called
Fatty acids
How are fats and oils formed
They are formed from the combination of 3 moles of fatty acids : 1 mole of glycerol
What is the ratio of fatty acid to glycerol in their formation
3:1
What are fats and oil at room temp.
Fats are solid while oils are liquids
How are emulsifiers made from edible oils
By reacting edible oils with glycerol
Explain fully how emulsifiers prevent non-polar and polar liquids from
separating into layers.
The emulsifier has two parts that are Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic
The hydrophobic part dissolves in nonpolar liquid while the hydrophilic part dissolves in polar liquids
What is the function of an emulsifier
They prevent the non polar and polar liquids separating (into layers)
Explain why antioxidants are added to foods
To prevent unwanted oxidation or to stop foods from acquiring a rancid flavour
How are soaps made
They are made from the Hydrolysis of fats and oils
State cleansing action of soaps
The soap molecule separates into soap ion and sodium ion when in water
The hydrophilic heads face out into the water
The hydrophobic tails dissolves in a droplet of grease
The dirt or greece is held inside a ball and suspended inside the water
How are esters formed
by reacting an alcohol with a carboxylic acid
What are miscells
They are greece droplets
What is an emulsion
An emulsion contains small droplets of one liquid, dispersed in another liquid.
Describe an emulsifier
It has two ends which are:
A hydrophilic (water loving) Head
A hydrophobic (water hating) Tail
What do hydrophilic forms
They form bonds with water but not with oils
What do hydrophobic forms
They form bonds with oils but not with water
Why does palm oil have a higher melting point than olive oil
This is because palm oil has significantly more saturated fatty acid content.
Name two products formed when fats and oils react with sodium hydroxide
A soap and glycerol
What reaction can produce salts from fats and oils
Alkaline Hydrolysis
