Essentials of Exercise Science (Worksheet)

Question 1

Components of the Cardiovascular System

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Question 2

The Breathing Process

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Question 3

Regions of the Digestive System

Answer 3

Pharynx
Mouth
Large intestine
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine

Question 4

The Digestive System at Work

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Question 5

Receptors of the Nervous System

Answer 5

Gogli Tendon Organs
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Muscle Spindles
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Question 6

Muscle-Fiber Types

Answer 6

1. Type I: Slow-twitch; small amount of mitochondria; fatigue-resistant; used during anaerobic metabolism; used
   during sports such as cross-country running
2. Type IIx: Fast-twitch; also known as fast-glycolytic; small amount of mitochondria; less resistant to fatigue
   than type I fibers; largest and fastest fibers; limited capacity for aerobic metabolism
3. Type IIa: Fast-twitch; can be trained to be more oxidative or glycolytic; can only sustain activity for less than 30 seconds

Question 7

The Role of Connective Tissue

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Question 8

The Shoulder Girdle in Action

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Question 9

The Shoulder Complex

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Question 10

Forearm and Elbow Muscles

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Question 11

Trunk Muscles at Work

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Question 12

Hip Muscles and their Actions

Answer 12

1. Gluteus maximus: Extension, external rotation, adduction
2. Gracilis: External rotation, adduction, flexion
3. Rectus femoris: Abduction, flexion, internal rotation
4. Tensor fasciae latae: Flexion, abduction, internal rotation
5. Pectineus: Flexion, adduction, external rotation
6. Biceps femoris: Extension, abduction, adduction, external rotation
7. Semitendinosus: Extension, adduction, slight internal rotation
8. Piriformis: Adduction, flexion, external rotation

Question 13

The Knee Joint

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Question 14

The Ankle and Foot

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Question 15

Hormones and their Functions

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Question 16

Hormones and their Functions

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Question 17

Concepts of Physical Fitness

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Question 18

Physiology of the Cardiorespiratory System

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Question 19

Energy Systems

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Question 20

Acute and Chronic Response to Aerobic Exercise

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Question 21

Hormonal Response to Exercise

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Question 22

Environmental Considerations when Exercising

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Question 23

Physics and Human Movement

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Question 24

The Balanced and Moving Body

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Question 25

Evaluating Movements of the Hip

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Question 26

Review of the Lower Extremity

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Question 27

Restore the Core

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Question 28

The Shoulder Complex in Action

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Question 29

Nutrients

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Question 30

Federal Guidelines

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Question 31

Food Labels

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Question 32

Weight-loss Strategies

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Question 33

Nutrients and Exercise

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Question 34

Nutrition and Special Populations

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Question 35

Scope of Practice

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Question 36

Acute Response to Exercise

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Question 37

Fuel Sources

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Question 38

Changes in the Cardiorespiratory System

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Question 39

Training Principles

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Question 40

Muscular Adaptations

Answer 40

1. Increase in the number of actin and myosin filaments
2. Decrease in the levels of the sarcoplasm
3. Increase in the amount of lactate that is produced
4. Increase in the body’s ability to buffer lactic acid
5. Increase in the levels of testosterone and growth hormone
6. Decrease in the production of new muscle fibers
7. Increase in the utilization of type I fibers
8. Increase in neuromuscular adaptations

Question 41

Stretching Techniques

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