Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

HEMATOLOGY LAB > ESR > Flashcards

ESR Flashcards

1
Q

HOW THE ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE TEST WORKS?

A
  1. phlebotomist draws blood into tube
  2. test measures how fast red blood cells fall to bottom of tube in an hour
  3. inflammation causes red blood cells to stick together and sink faster
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Non-specific measurement to detect and monitor an inflammatory response to tissue injury in which there is a change in the plasma concentration of acute phase proteins

A

ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ESR is a non specific test which depends on the changes of what?

A

plasma concentration of acute phase reactants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how long do we need to stand the blood vertically?

A

1 hour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ESR values are reported as/in

A

mm/hr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ESR is affected by 3 factors, what are those

A

Red cells
plasma composition
mechanical/technical factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Red cells repel each other because of their ___

A

net negative charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

In disease states, plasma protein concentration changes, causing a reduction in the negative charge of the RBCs and consequent formation of ___

A

rouleaux

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

true or false

The larger the particle, the faster its rate of fall

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Macrocytes settle more rapidly than microcytes

true or false

A

macrocytes - it’s always the biggest and largest falls faster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ESR decrease or increase

sickle cells

A

decrease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ESR decrease or increase

spherocytes

A

decrease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

can sickle cells and spherocytes form rouleaux?

A

nope, they can’t. Esr decrease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ESR decrease or increase

anisocytosis

A

decrease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ESR decrease or increase

poikilocytosis

A

decrease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

two conditions in which the rbc’s capability to form larger aggregates is reduced?

A

anisocytosis and poikilocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

ESR decrease or increase

sever anemia

A

increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

why do anemia has an elevated ESR?

A

it didn’t take long for all the rbc to settle as they have more space and they are only few.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Single most important factor determining the ESR

A

plasma factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Rouleaux and aggregation are controlled primarily by levels of a___

A

acute phase proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Rouleaux and aggregation are controlled primarily by levels of acute phase proteins

what are those acute phase proteins?

A

fibrinogen, alpha-1 globulin, alpha-2 globulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

examples of mechanical or technical factors?

A

angle/tilt
rack holding the tubes
temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

A tilt of 3 degrees can cause errors up to how many percent?

A

30%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The rack holding the tubes should not be subject to any movement of ___

A

vibrations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Large changes in temperature – Increased temp = Increased ESR

true or false

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The ESR represents a NONSPECIFIC response to tissue damage and inflammation and denotes the presence of disease, but NOT ITS SEVERITY

true or false

27
Q

ESR decrease or increase

pregnancy after 3rd month

28
Q

ESR decrease or increase

acute or chronic infection

29
Q

ESR decrease or increase

polycythemi veraa

30
Q

ESR decrease or increase

rheumatic fever

31
Q

ESR decrease or increase

rheumatoid arthritis

32
Q

ESR decrease or increase

congestive heart failure

33
Q

ESR decrease or increase

myocardial infarction

34
Q

ESR decrease or increase

nephrosis

35
Q

ESR decrease or increase

hypofibrinogenemia

36
Q

ESR decrease or increase

menstruation

37
Q

ESR decrease or increase

tuberculosis

38
Q

ESR decrease or increase

macroglubinemia

39
Q

ESR decrease or increase

presence of red cell abnormalities

40
Q

ESR decrease or increase

cryoglobunemia

41
Q

ESR decrease or increase

hypothyroidisim

42
Q

ESR decrease or increase

hyperthyroidism

43
Q

2 methods we can use for est

A

wintrobe and landsberg methos
westergren method

44
Q

specimen used for wintrobe and landsberg method

A

EDTA anticoagulated blood

45
Q

procedure for wintrobe and landsberg method

A

Procedure:
1. Mix the blood
2. With a long stem pipette, fill the wintrobe tube up to 0 mark (no air bubbles)
3. Place the tube in a vertical position on the rack for 60 minutes
4. Record the level of sedimented ESR from the scale on the left side (red) of the tube. Read downward

46
Q

do we read the tube for the result upward or downward?

47
Q

In wintrobe and lansberg method, we fill the tube up to what mark?

48
Q

specimen used for westergren method

A

Specimen: Citrated blood (0.109M trisodium citrate)

49
Q

which top is an ideal top for westergren method?

A

the black top with 9% citrate

50
Q

procedure for westergren method

A

Procedure:
Mix the blood
Place the Westergren tube into the blood sample, making sure that the blood reaches the 0 mark on the tube
Place in a rack for 60 minutes
Read the graduations downward

51
Q

reference values for wintrobe and landsberg esr

A
  • Women: 0-20 mm/hr
    • Men: 0-9 mm/hr
52
Q

reference values for westergren method

A
  • Women: 0-15 mm/hr
    -Men: 0-10 mm/hr
    -Children: 0-10 mm/hr
53
Q

what are the 3 stages of EST

A
  • INITIAL ROULEAUX FORMATION/ LAG PHASE
  • RAPID SETTLING OF RBCs/RAPID PACKING OF CELLS/DECANTATION
  • FINAL SEDIMENTATTION OF RBC’s
54
Q

a stage of ESR in which the sedimentation is only slight and only taks 10 minutes

A

Initial rouleaux formation/lag phase (10 minutes

55
Q

Initial rouleaux formation is also known as

56
Q

a stage of esr in which sedimentation is more rapid and constant

A

Rapid settling of RBCs/Rapid packing of cells/decantation (40 minutes)

57
Q

how many minutes does the 2nd stage occurs

A

40 minutes

58
Q

the stage of ESR in which sedimentation rate is slow because of the accumulation of RBCs at the bottom of the tube

A

Final sedimentation of RBCs

59
Q

what are the sources of errors in conducting ESR test?

A

If concentration of EDTA is greater than recommended, the ESR will be falsely low
If the ESR stands for more than 60 minutes, the results will be falsely elevated
If it is timed for less than 60 minute, ESR will be low
Marked increase in temperature = Increased ESR
Marked decrease in temperature = Decreased ESR
Tilting increases sedimentation rate
Bubbles cause invalid results
Fibrin clots invalidate results

60
Q

If concentration of EDTA is greater than recommended, the ESR will be __

explain why?

A

falsely low

the anticoagulant will dilute the blood, making it harder for the blood to form rouleaux, also, it’s a anticoagulant so it will literally prevent clotting which is a thing for making rouleaux

61
Q

If the ESR stands for more than 60 minutes, the results will be ___

explain why

A

falsely elevated

more rbc will sediment at the bottom

62
Q

Bubbles cause __ results

63
Q

Fibrin clots ___results

A

invalidate

HEMATOLOGY LAB (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions