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Therapy Prin & Procedure > Esophagus And Pancreas > Flashcards

Esophagus And Pancreas Flashcards

1
Q

___ is the 4th leading cause of cancer death. Most common in men, between 50-80

A

Pancreatic cancer

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2
Q

What are factors that causes pancreatic cancer

A 
Smoking 
Familial cancer (colorectal and breast)
Exposure To industrial chemicals
Obesity 
Diets in high fats, red meats and processed meats
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3
Q

Where is the location of the pancreas

A

Located RETROperitoneally at L1-L2 transversely in the upper abdomen

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4
Q

The 3 anatomical regions of the pancreas

A

Head- overlapped by the duodenum
Body-posterior to the stomach and anterior to IVC
Tail- terminates in the splenic hilum

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5
Q

Pancreas is in direct contact of with ….

A

Duodenum, jejunum, stomach, IVC, spleen and kidney

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6
Q

T/F

The pancreas is usually resectable

A

False

Pancreas is usually un-resectable

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7
Q

The pancreas is composed of _____ tissue and _____ tissue

A

98 percent exocrine

2 percent endocrine

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8
Q

What is the most common histology of upper and middle thoracic esophageal cancer

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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9
Q

What is the most common histology for distal 1/3 esophageal cancer

A

Adenocarcinoma

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10
Q

What is the most common histology for pancreatic cancer

A

Adenocarcinoma

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11
Q

The pancreas is typically located at what level

A

L1-L2

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12
Q

The esophagus is typically located at what level

A

C6-T10 and it is posterior to the trachea and anterior to the vertebral body

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13
Q

What is the treatment of choice for pancreatic cancer

A

Surgery (Whipple procedure)

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14
Q

What is the treatment of choice for post op pancreatic cancer

A

Chemo and XRT

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15
Q

What is odynophagia

A

Related to esophageal cancers

It’s painful swallowing

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16
Q

90% of patients with esophageal cancer experience…

A

Dysphagia and weight loss

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17
Q

What is NOT a common symptom for pancreatic cancer

A

Nausea

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18
Q

What are the most common presenting symptoms for pancreatic cancer

A

Jaundice
Abdominal pain
Anorexia
Weight loss

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19
Q

Tumors in the head of the pancreas causes…

A

Obstruction to the biliary system

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20
Q

Tumors to the body and tail of the pancreas does NOT cause obstruction but instead commonly causes…

A

Back pain and weight loss

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21
Q

Most pancreatic cancers occur In what region of the pancreas

A

Head and neck of pancreas

22
Q

When treating with RADIATION ONLY, to what dose is the pancreatic cancer treated with

A

4500-5400cGy (45-54Gy)

treating with XRT and surgery or chemo, have to be LESS than 45Gy

23
Q

When treating he head of the pancreas, at least how much of the left kidney must be shielded

A

2/3 of the left kidney

24
Q

T/F

Early stage esophageal cancer has a high cure rate

A

TRUE

Esophageal cancer is deadly due to the fact that it distendable, lack or serosal layer and richness of lymphatics

25
Q

What nodal group is associated with cervical esophagus

A

Internal jugular nodes
Cervical nodes
Supraclavicular nodes

26
Q

What nodal group is associated with upper/middle esophagus

A 
Subcarinal nodes
Paraesophagus node
Paratracheal node 
Mediastinal node
Hilar node
27
Q

What nodal group is associated with lower esophagus

A

Gastric nodes
Celiac axis node
Curvature of the stomach nodes

28
Q

What is NOT a prognostic indicator for esophageal cancer

A

Tumor grade/ histology

HOWEVER, the earlier the discovery, a higher chance (90%) is curable*

29
Q

Which nodal group drains the lower esophagus

A

Gastric and celiac nodes

30
Q

What is the dose limiting structure of most concern for radiation treatments of the esophagus

A

Spinal cord

31
Q

The endocrine function of the pancreas is responsible for

A

Releasing insulin into the body

32
Q

Which of the following is the most common cancer in the US

A

Colorectal cancer

33
Q

Which cancer has the highest incidence of cancer related deaths in the US

A

Colorectal cancer

34
Q

The Whipple is a surgical procedure associated with cancer of what organ

A

Pancreas

35
Q

The esophagus is located ____ to the trachea

A

Posterior

36
Q

What condition is most closely associated with gastroesophageal reflux

A

Barret’s esophagus

37
Q

Why is esophageal cancer so deadly

A

The esophagus is distendable
Lack of serosal layer
Richness of lymphatic Channels

38
Q

T/F

Most esophageal cancers are discovered in early stages

A

FALSE

39
Q

Radiation treatment fields for the distal esophagus typically include what lymph node

A

Celiac axis nodes

40
Q

Most of the Pancreas is made up of what kind of tissue

A

98% exocrine (makes pancreatic juices)

2% endocrine (release insulin into the body)

41
Q

The tail of the pancreas is located ….

A

In the hilum of the spleen

42
Q

A 3 field technique using a hinge angle of 120 degrees is ofte used in the treatment of what cancer

A

Esophageal cancer

43
Q

What is the preferred treatment regimen post op for pancreatic cancer

A

Chemo radiation

44
Q

GERD is associated with cancer of what region

A

Esophagus

45
Q

What is the number 1 cause of esophageal cancer in the US

A

Smoking and alcohol

46
Q

What is no part of the digestive system

A

Appendix

47
Q

What is he TD5/5 for liver

A

30Gy

48
Q

The cervical esophagus extends from what distance from he incisors

A

18cm

49
Q

The upper thoracic esophagus extends at what distance from the incisors

A

24cm

50
Q

The middle thoracic esophagus extends at what distance from the incisors

A

32cm

51
Q

The lower thoracic extends at what distance from the incisors.

A

40cm

52
Q

The contraction of the intestinal tract is known as

A

Peristalsis

Therapy Prin & Procedure (17 decks)

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