Esophageal Disorders

Question 1

Achalasia

Answer 1

Failure to relax the LES
Autoimmune inflammation
Functional obstruction

Question 2

Achalasia S/S

Answer 2

Dysphasia
Regurgitation
CP, heartburn, weight loss

Question 3

Diffuse esophageal spasm (DES)

Answer 3

Uncoordinated contractions of esophagus causing:
CP
Intermittent dysphagia
Corkscrew esophagus

Question 4

Esophageal Atresia

Answer 4

Absent midportion of esophagus.

Presents w/ gasless abdomen

Question 5

Which type of hernia can cause GERD?

Answer 5

Hiatal

Question 6

Hiatal hernia

Answer 6

Protrusion of stomach through hiatus.

Common, harmless, but may promote GERD.

Question 7

Erosive esophagitis

Answer 7

Responsible for 40-60% of GERD symptoms

Question 8

Esophageal stricture

Answer 8

Complication of GERD

Results from healing of esophagitis

Question 9

Barrett’s Esophagus

Answer 9

Acid damaging the lining of esophagus causing chronic esophagitis.
Columnar cells replace squamous cells, causing metaplasia
Leads to adenocarcinoma

Question 10

Mallory-Weiss Tear

Answer 10

Caused by severe retching and vomiting.

tear occurs at junction of esophagus and stomach

Question 11

Zenker’s diverticulum

Answer 11

Most common esophageal diverticulum located above UES
Dysphagia
Weight loss
Regurg
Chronic cough
aspiration

Question 12

Scleroderma

Answer 12

Can cause motility issues in distal 2/3 of esophagus