ESOL - language learning

Question 1

Students find similarities with L1 and L2 and use them to aid.

Answer 1

Positive transfer

Question 2

Students incorrectly apply rules from L1 to L2

Answer 2

Negative transfer - Interference

Question 3

What is another term for negative transfer?

Answer 3

Interference

Question 4

Students mix words from L1 into L2 when they have forgotten a term or don’t know how to explain themselves.

Answer 4

Code-switching

Question 5

Students substitute sounds from L1 to ones they think are the same in L2

Answer 5

accents

Question 6

What are the 5 stages of 2nd language acquisition?

Answer 6

Preproduction
Early production
Speech emergence
Intermediate fluency
Advanced fluency

Question 7

Known as the silent period. Learns have up to 500 words, refrain from speaking.

Answer 7

Preproduction

Question 8

Learners can produce single-word and two-three word phrases, respond to simple questions.

Answer 8

Early production

Question 9

Learners chunk simple words & phrases into sentences that may or may not be grammatically correct. More likely to participate in conversation. Simple readings.

Answer 9

Speech emergence

Question 10

Learners can speak in more complex sentences & catch/correct own errors. Willing to ask questions when don’t understand. Large gaps in vocab, but communicate fairly well.

Answer 10

Intermediate fluency

Question 11

Cognitive language proficiency reached, complex multiphrase sentences, essentially fluent.

Answer 11

Advanced fluency

Question 12

Learner’s present understanding of the language he/she is learning - rule based system that develops over time. Blends aspects of L1 with L2

Answer 12

Interlanguage

Question 13

Which approach is based on principle that second languages should be acquired much the same way as first languages?

Answer 13

Direct method (natural method)

Question 14

Approach - students acquire targeted vocabulary through repeated exposure
AUTHENTIC learning experiences
Oral language skills emphasized, students NOT required to speak
Students provided materials to learn at own pace
Native language is NEVER used, translations NOT provided

Answer 14

Direct method (natural method)

Question 15

Approach - Students taught in L1 to learn L2 by focusing on grammatical rules of L2
Development of reading and writing
Not required to speak in L2

Answer 15

Grammar-translation method

Question 16

Approach - oral-based approach used by linguists and behaviorists
Teaches L2 through repetition
Repetitive exercises that emphasize grammatical structural patterns/vocab
Rewarded for correct responses

Answer 16

Audio-Linguial method

Question 17

Approach - combination of several methods
Successful outcome comes from need to communicate real meaning
Required to use real communication
CLT and TBI

Answer 17

Communicative approach

Question 18

Approach - students ability to communicate through interaction - CLT

Answer 18

Communicative language teaching CLT

Question 19

Approach - lessons designed around completiton of tasks that are assigned by teacher, or selected by students
Activites have real outcomes, are more authentic
No direct grammar instruction

Answer 19

Task-based instruction TBI

Question 20

Approach - acquire skills by listening to and following commands
Specifically for beginners
Facial expressions and gestures helpful
Students NOT required to speak

Answer 20

Total physical response TPR

Question 21

Approach - teachers as quiet as possible in lessons to promote student experimentation and participation
Students encouraged to correct for themselves
Translation/repetition/rote memorization avoided
Pronunciation encouraged

Answer 21

The Silent Way

Question 22

What are the 8 steps of the SIOP Model?

Answer 22

1. Lesson Preparation
2. Building background
3. Comprehensible input
4. Learning strategies
5. Interaction
6. Practice and application
7. Lesson delivery
8. Review and assessment

Question 23

Approach - building blocks of language learning and communication are not grammar, functions, notions, or some other unit of planning and teaching but words and word combinations.
Fixed terms/phrases taught

Answer 23

Lexical approach

Question 24

Activity in which words are removed from a passage for a learner to fill in as an exercise in reading comprehension.

Answer 24

Cloze activity

Question 25

Approach - meaningful chunks and phrases
Taught grammar patterns
Only minority of language is novel

Answer 25

Lexical approach

Question 26

Approach - Language = complex set of grammatical rules
Taught one at a time
Predetermined order

Answer 26

Structural approach

Question 27

Approach - start at the top, work down
Ability to communicate = goal
Grammar/conventions will follow
Collaborations & background = important

Answer 27

Whole Language Approach

Question 28

Approach - student speaks, teacher writes down said speech verbatim
Use said text as reading material
Material to teach comes from student

Answer 28

Language Experience Approach