ESOL - Grammar/Linguistics Flashcards
Set up a relationship in time or space (after, under) off of on by at for etc.
Prepositions
A letter or letter combination that spells a phoneme; can be one, two, three, or four letters in English (e.g., e, ei, igh, eigh)
Grapheme
when added to a word, create a word with a new meaning or part of speech
Derivational morphemes
Which verb tense:
I was answering
I am answering
I will be answering
Continuous
Sounds are omitted from everyday speech - mac and cheese = mac n cheese
Elision
Simple vowels - e in pen, i in dinner etc.
monophthongs
grammatically simplified mode of communicating that uses elements of both languages
Pidgin
Which verb tense:
I had answered
I have answered
I will have answered
Perfect
In a syllable, the _______ is the initial consonant and the _______ is the vowel/any consonants that follow.
Onset and rime
Two or more consecutive consonants which retain their individual sounds (e.g., /bl/ in block; /str/in string)
Blends
The smallest unit of sound within our language system. A ___________ combines with other _____________ to make words. A sound unit. The c in cat and the m in mat are _____________
Phoneme
Derivational morphemes
when added to a word, create a word with a new meaning or part of speech
Goes beyond semantics to examine meaning in context , focusing on utterances - one or more words with a single idea surrounded by silence. Context/relationship of speaker are important
Pragmatics
Two consecutive consonants that represent one phoneme, or sound (e.g., /ch/, /sh/)
Digraph
bound ___________ that do not greatly alter the meaning of a part of speech (making words plural, changing tense, etc.)
Inflectional morphemes
A vowel produced by the tongue shifting positions during articulation; a vowel that feels as if it has two parts, especially the vowels spelled ow, oy, ou, and oi
Diphthong
Inserting an additional sound in the middle of a word. (puh-lace for place)
Epenthesis
a form that is derived from a verb but that functions as a noun, in English ending in -ing
Gerund
Which verb tense:
I had been answering
I have been answering
I will have been answering
Perfect continous
The study of the development and change of the meanings of speech forms. How meaning is derived from symbols, signs, text, etc.
Semantics
The word order pattern in sentences/phrases
Syntax
The smallest meaningful unit of language. A _____________ can be one syllable (book) or more than one syllable (seventeen). It can be a whole word or a part of a word such as a prefix or suffix. For example, the word ungrateful contains three _______________s: un, grate, and ful.
Morphemes
Ability to recognize and repair breakdowns in communication through strategic planning/redirecting
Strategic competence
verbs include forms of “have” (has, have, had), “do” (does, do, did), and “be” (be, am, is, are, was, were, being, been) as well as the nine _____________ verbs can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, and must
Modal auxiliaries
