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Conservation Biology > ESA Listing > Flashcards

ESA Listing Flashcards

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1
Q

ESA Listing Classifications

A

Proposed
Candidate
Threatened Endangered

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2
Q

•  Proposed

A

A species for which a petition has been filed requesting consideration for
Threatened or Endangered status listing

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3
Q

Candidate

A

Species for which there is sufficient biological information to warrant to
consideration as endangered or threatened under ESA, but for which
development of a proposed listing regulation has not yet been done.

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4
Q

Threatened

A

Any species that is likely to become an endangered species within the
foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range

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5
Q

Endangered

A

Any species that is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant
portion of its range.

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6
Q

The Petition Process: Initial review; WHO?

A

Any interested person may petition the Secretary of the Interior to list / delist a
species

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7
Q

The Petition Process: Initial review

A

Petition Received
v
90 Day Review
v

“Not Substantial” 	
Information	
 OR
“Substantial” Information: 	
listing “may be warranted”	
      V
12 Month 	
Status Review
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8
Q

Petitions

A

formal requests to list

species that require published findings.

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9
Q

The Petition Process: After the 12 Month Review

A

Within one year of receiving petition, a
decision MUST be made determining
whether the proposal is “warranted” or “not warranted” (1982 amendment to the
ESA)

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10
Q

12 Month Review

A

Data Does NOT
support need
to list

“Listing is Warranted”

“Warranted But
Precluded”

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11
Q

“Listing is Warranted”

A

Data Supports

Need to List

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12
Q

“Warranted But

Precluded”

A

Data Supports
Need to List but
other species
are higher priority

candidate status

reviewed once per year until the
listing is declared warranted or
not

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13
Q

The Ozark hellbender ESA history

A

became a
candidate in 2001 (L6)but level
was elevated in 2005 (L3).

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14
Q

“Warranted “

Proposed Rule

A

documents why FWS/NMFS proposes to list as Threatened or Endangered.

Comment period open for public –

Finding –

Challenge

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15
Q

If Listing is

Warranted

A 
60 Day Comment Period	
Input from public, etc. 	
Peer Review 	
(3 independent reviewers)	
      V
Decision Not to List
      OR
Decision to List	
Publish Rule in 	
Federal Register
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16
Q

“warranted”
60 day public comment
period

A

Hold hearing if requested w/in

45 days of announcement

17
Q

“warranted” Peer Review

A

“..decisions must be made on the best scientific or commercial data available”

At least 3 independent
reviewers

18
Q

Comment period

open for public –

A 
public, corporations, 
and scientists 
comment on 
information and 
decision
19
Q

Finding

A 
USFWS/
NMFS publishes the 
final rule to list or 
not list after 
considering all the 
information at hand.
20
Q

Challenge

A 
Public 
can challenge listing 
in court and decision 
can be reversed IF 
listing was 
“arbitrary, 
capricious or an 
abuse of discretion”
21
Q

Time Required to List a Species

A

On average it took 13.8 years to list species before 1982 but
only 4.3 years after 1982

In 1990, the U.S. Dept. of the Interior Inspector General
documented that at least 34 species went extinct while waiting
to be listed between 1980 and 1990.

“…most species, subspecies, and populations [protected
under the ESA] are not receiving protection until their total
population size and number of populations are critically
low.” (Wilcove et al. 1993)

22
Q

Losses During the Listing Process

A 
Ochlockonee Moccasinshell (Medionidus 
simpsonianus)

Valdina Farms Salamander (Eurycea
troglodytes)

23
Q

Losses During Delays in the Listing

Process

A 
At least 42 species have become 
extinct during delays in the listing 
process. (Greenwald and Suckling 
2005)	
•  view th
24
Q

What are the Causes for Delays?!

A

The sheer number of
proposed listings/
Backlog

Lack of policies 
requiring agencies to 
systematically list 
species.	
-In a 1978 audit, 41 
petitions had been 
lost	
-Exacerbates the 
backlog

Politics

25
Q

Politics?

A 
Listing 
process is not 
immune to 
political 
climate
26
Q

Looking Ahead Based on the Current

Rate of Listings

A

In the beginning….Congress assumed that all
imperiled plants and animals would be listed
(estimated by USFWS in 1975 to be 7,000 species)

•  Between 1979 and 2003 only 1,229 were listed
(average of 41 per year)

Nature Serve is an organization that uses more
quantitative thresholds for evaluating risk of
extinction, and currently identifies 7128 critically
imperiled (G1) or imperiled species (G2) in the U.S.
-At a rate of 41 species/year, it would take about
173 years to list all of these

27
Q

What Exactly Does “Recovery”

Mean?

A

It must mean “Not Endangered or

Threatened”

28
Q

Endangered Species

A

A species that is in danger of
extinction throughout all or a
significant portion of its range

29
Q

Recovered Species:

A

a species in danger of extinction
throughout at most an insignificant
portion of its range…”

30
Q

IUCN

A

IUCN

31
Q

Extinct (EX)

A

No longer known to exist

32
Q

Extinct in the wild (EW)

A

Only exists in captivity

33
Q

Critically endangered (CR)

A

Extremely high risk

of going extinct.

34
Q

Endangered (EN)

A

Risk of going extinct in wild.

35
Q

Vulnerable (VU)

A

Vulnerable (VU)

36
Q

Near threatened (NT)

A

NT

37
Q

Least Concern (LC)

A

LC

38
Q

IUCN Red List

•  Criteria Based

A 
A. Observable reduction in numbers 
of individuals	
•  B. Total geographic area occupied 
by the species	
•  C. Predicted decline in numbers of 
individuals.	
•  D. Number of mature individuals 
currently alive	
•  E. Probability the species will go 
extinct within a certain number of 
years.

Conservation Biology (15 decks)

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