Erythroid system Flashcards
What are the 4 functions of blood
transport
ion buffer
coagulation
thermoregulation
what are reticulocytes
immature red blood cells
indicative of regeneration
why do we need a special stain to identify reticulocytes
otherwise they could just be polychromatophils- look bigger and darker
what are the two version of cats reticulocytes
aggregate
punctate
when does peak production of reticulocytes occur in cattle
7-14 days post acute blood loss
List 3 differences between dog and cat erythrocytes
dogs have larger erythrocytes
dogs have central pallor
cats have anisocytosis (variation in size)
In which species is rouleaux a normal finding
horses
in what species is crenation a normal finding
ruminants
in what species is anisocytosis a normal finding
ruminants and cats
Define normocytosis
normal MCV
define MCV
mean corpuscular volume
average volume of erythrocyte
define macrocytosis
high MCV
typically seen in regenerative anaemia
define microcytosis
low MCV
what does hypochromic microcytosis indicate
iron deficiency or portosystemic shunts
in what dog breed is macrocytosis normal
poodles
in what dog breed is microcytosis normal
akitas
what does a hypochromic macrocytosis indicate
regenerative anaemia
what does a normochromic macrocytosis indicate
non-regenerative anaemia - feline leukaemia and myeloproliferative disorders
what is MCHC
mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration
define normochromic
normal haemoglobin content
define hypochromic
low concentration of haemoglobin
what does a raised MCHC indicate
haemolysis or lipaemia
what is polychromasia
term for a pale-blue RBC in routine stains, due to RNA content
what is poikilocytosis
alteration in cell shape
what can cause poikilocytosis
abnormal erythropoesis or specific organ dysfunction
What are codocytes
cells that look like targets
central haemoglobin surrounded by an area of pallor and then a band of haemoglobin
when do we generally see codocytes
in iron deificiency aneamia, liver disease with cholestasis and after splenectomies in dogs
are codocytes an important finding
No
what are acanthocytes
also known as spur cells
Rounded projections of variable diameter & length, unevenly distributed
when are acanthocytes generally seen
diffuse liver disease
haemangiosarcomas
portosystemic shunts
what are spherocytes
Abnormally round red blood cell containing more than normal amounts of hemoglobin
lack central pallor
when do spherocytes tend to form
IMHA
blood transfusions
why are spherocytes hard to recognise in cats
as they look similar to there normal RBCs
what are schistocytes
irregular fragmented erythrocytes
occur through mechanical trauma to circulating erythrocytes
when can schistocytes form
IMHA
thrombosis
haemangiosarcomas
glomerulonephritis
CHF
heart disease
myelofibrosis
doxorubicin toxicity
what are echinocytes
crenated burr cells
RBCs with spiked projections of more uniform length
why can echinocytes form
can be due to dehydration but usually an aretfact
what does rouleaux indicate in small animals
inflammation
what is agglutination
clumping of red blood cells
what does agglutination indicate
IMHA or mismatched blood transfusion
what are heinz bodies
irregular shaped, refracticle, intracellular inclusions indicating oxidative damage
List 3 abnormal RBC structures that indicate regeneration
basophilic stippling
nucleated erythrocytes
Howell-Jolly bodies
what can basophilic stippling be indicative of
regenerative anaemia
lead poisoning
immature erythrocytes in ruminants
what can nucleated erythrocytes be indicative of
regenerative anaemia
non-functioning spleen
marrow damage
myeloproliferative disease
what can cause Howell-Jolly bodies
regenerative anaemia
splenectomy
suppressed splenic function
how can we diagnose mycoplasma haemofelis
PCR
how can we test if we trust our haemotology results
rule of three - Hct% = Hgb (g/dL)x 3 +/- 3%
what is polycythaemia
increase in
PCV
Hgb concentration
RBC count
what is relative polycythaemia
When plasma volume is reduced eg in dehydration
what is absolute polycythaemia
Increase in absolute RBC mass
primary - normal EPO level
secondary - increased EPO
