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4- sa- collapse, weakness, exercise intolerance > CWEI dysrhythmias > Flashcards

CWEI dysrhythmias Flashcards

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1
Q

list 7 primary causes of dysrhythmias

A

structural heart disease
metabolic disease
electrolyte disorder
trauma
drugs/ toxins
sepsis
neoplasia

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2
Q

define dysrhythmia

A

an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a disturbance in the hearts electrical conduction system

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3
Q

why do we need to be careful with antidysrhythmic medication

A

it can be proarrhythmic and cause worsening of the problems

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4
Q

List 4 treatment options for dysrhythmias - which are most common

A

Most common:
Anti-dysrhythmic drugs
Pacemaker

ablation with catheters
implantable cardiovertors

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5
Q

when should we consider treating dysrhythmias with antidysrhythmia medication

A

if the heart rate or frequency are high enough to cause a drop in CO or if there are life threatening rhythms

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6
Q

Describe how to interpret the ECG

A

what is the heart rate
is the rhythm regular or irregular
do the ECG waves appear normal
Is each P wave followed by a QRS?
Is there a P wave before each QRS?
ECG measurements

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7
Q

why are supraventricular rhythms often seen in structural heart disease

A

the atria stretches and causes the cardiomyocytes to become unstable

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8
Q

why are ventricular rhythms often seen in systemically sick patients

A

cytokines damage cardiomyocytes and generate rhythm abnormalities

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9
Q

List the different types of dysrhythmias

A

Bradyarrhythmia
Tachyarrhythmia- supraventricular and ventricular

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10
Q

define bradydysrhythmias

A

abnormally slow rhythms

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11
Q

What is Supraventricular tachycardia

A

high rate arising in or above the AVN - narrow and upright complexes

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12
Q

what is ventricular tachycardia

A

high rate arising from the ventricles - usually wide and bizarre complexes

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13
Q

what happens in sinus arrest

A

is a bradyarrhythmia
SAN stops firing
pause noted on ECG with no P-QRS-T complex

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14
Q

define sick sinus syndrome

A

arrhythmia in which bradycardia alternates with tachycardia

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15
Q

what is atrial standstill

A

Atrial depolarization does not occur when SA node discharges
complete absence of p-waves

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16
Q

list the clinical signs of bradydysrhythmias

A

weakness
lethargy
syncope
sudden death

17
Q

describe atrioventricular block type 2

A

occasional block; p-wave not conducted- can happen in high vagal tone, is common under GA - rarely causes clinical issue

18
Q

how can we test if a bradycardia is vagally mediated

A

run them around and see if the heart rate increases or give them atropine and monitor - both should get rid of the bradycardia if it is vagally mediated

19
Q

Describe sinus arrythmia

A

is a normal sign in a dog
when heart rate speeds up on inspiration and slows down on expiration
occurs when parasympathetic is in control

20
Q

describe how we can treat bradydysrhythmias

A

treat the primary cause
pacemaker implantation
parasympathetic drugs

21
Q

List the 2 main types of tachyarrythmias

A

Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT)
Ventricular Tachycardia (VT)

22
Q

describe Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT)

A

ventricular impulse conduction normal and QRS normal in appearance – tall and narrow
Problem with atria AV node

23
Q

describe Ventricular Tachycardia

A

All rhythm disturbances originating from within the ventricles
Ventricular conduction abnormal leading to wide and bizarre QRS complexes

24
Q

when do we treat supraventrciular tachycardias

A

if the output is poor and clinical signs are seen

25
Q

describe premature beats

A

any beat that occurs before it is expected- can be supraventricular or ventricular

26
Q

what drug do we give if ventricular dysrhythmia is critical

A

IV lidocaine

27
Q

what drug do we give if the ventricular dysrhythmia has stable/ episodic sign

A

solatol

28
Q

describe what you see second degree AV block on ECG

A

P wave occasionally not conducted throguh the AV node

29
Q

describe what you see with third degree AV block on ECG

A

persistent failure of conduction through the AV node

30
Q

what is atrial fibrilation

A

rapid random ineffective contractions of the atrium
type of supraventricular tachycardia

31
Q

desribe how you treat atrial fibrilation

A

Diltiazem and digoxin often effective

32
Q

describe ventricular tachycardia

A

sequence of or >4 ventricular beats with a rate > 160bpm – often a fast and unstable rhythm

33
Q

describe ventricular flutter

A

a very rapid VTAC in which T waves and QRS are no longer distinguishable; DANGER – often precedes death- can see under GA, animal about to crash

34
Q

which Antiarrhythmic drugs act by altering ion flow

A

class 1, 3 and 4

35
Q

which Antiarrhythmic drugs act by impavting the sympathetic innervation to the SA and AV nodes

A

class 2 drugs
+ sotalol
slows the heart rate

4- sa- collapse, weakness, exercise intolerance (10 decks)

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