EROSION Flashcards

1
Q

______ is the earth’s fragile skin that anchors all life on Earth. It is comprised of countless species that create a dynamic and complex ecosystem and is among the most precious resources to humans.

A

Soil

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2
Q
  • the mechanical process of wearing or grinding something down
  • geological process in which earthen materials are worn away and transported by natural forces such as wind or water
  • physical process in which soil, rock, and other surface material are removed from one location and transported to another
A

Erosion

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3
Q

TYPES OF EROSION:

A

a. WIND EROSION
b. GULLY EROSION
c. RILL EROSION
d. WATER EROSION
e. SHEET EROSION
f. ATTRITION
g. ABRASION
h. SPLASH
i. TUNNEL
j. GLACIAL

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4
Q

______ (or eolian) erosion (named after Aeolus, the Greek god of winds) and occurs almost always in deserts.

A

aeolian

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5
Q

__________ of sand in the desert is partially responsible for the formation of sand dunes. The power of the wind erodes rock and sand.

A

Aeolian erosion

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6
Q

rill erosion is form of water erosion in which the erosion takes place through numerous narrow and more or not so straight channels called _________.

A

streamlets or head cuts

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7
Q

_____ is the most common form of erosion, which you can also observe during heavy rain.

A

Rill

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8
Q

It is the uniform removal of soil in thin layers from the land surface caused by the wind. Land areas with loose, shallow topsoil overlying compact soil are most prone to ________

A

SHEET EROSION

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9
Q

_______ occurs due to the runoff of surface water, causing the removal of soil with drainage lines.

A

Gully erosion

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10
Q

______ when started once, will move by headward erosion or even by slumping of side walls unless and un-till proper steps will be taken in order to stabilize the disturbance.

A

Gullies

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11
Q

results from the bombardment of the soil surface by rain drops.

A

SPLASH EROSION

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12
Q

The erosion due to the impact of falling raindrops on the soil surface leading to the destruction of the crumb structure is known as ______________

A

raindrop or splash erosion.

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13
Q

the removal of subsoil. When water penetrates through a soil crack or a hole where a root has decayed, the soil disperses and is carried away with the flow to leave a small tunnel.

A

TUNNEL EROSION

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14
Q

the process of erosion produced by the suspended particles that impact on solid objects. Windblown grains of sand, carried along at high speed, are a very effective tool that can sandblast away rocks by _______.

A

ABRASION EROSION

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15
Q

caused by the detachment and transport of soil by rainfall, runoff, melting snow or ice, and irrigation. occurs when rain or snowmelt displaces the soil on the ground.

A

WATER EROSION

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16
Q

Land that has ____________—including farm fields that are left barren after crop harvest—are especially vulnerable to water erosion

A

no vegetation

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17
Q

the process of erosion that occurs during rock collision and transportation.

A

ATTRITION EROSION

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18
Q

The transportation of sediment chips and smooths the surfaces of bedrock; this can be through water or wind. Rocks undergoing attrition erosion are often found on or near the bed of a stream

A

ATTRITON EROSION

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19
Q
  • this is when pebbles grind along a rock platform, much like sandpaper. Over time the rock becomes smooth.
A

Abrasion

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20
Q
  • this is when rocks that the sea is carrying knock against each other. They break apart to become smaller and more rounded.
A

Attrition

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21
Q

processes that occur directly in association with the movement of glacial ice over its bed, such as abrasion, quarrying, and physical and chemical erosion by subglacial meltwater, as well as from the fluvial and mass wasting processes that are enhanced or modified by glaciation.

A

GLACIAL EROSION

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22
Q

KINDS OF EROSION:

A

a. ACCELERATED
b. GEOLOGIC

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23
Q
  • Due to man made activities, which brought changes in natural land cover and soil conditions
A

ACCELERATED EROSION

24
Q

ACCELERATED EROSION activities include:

A
  • land preparation for raising crops
  • land use patterns for building houses, infrastractures, industries, hill cutting, deforestation, lack of soil concervation and watershed management.
25
________ happens when the rate of soil loss is higher than the rate of soil formation.
Accelerated erosion
26
__________ results from the removal of natural vegetation by human activities such as farming, ranching, forestry, and construction.
Accelerated erosion
27
- Production of agricultural and forest products can be affected by excessive erosion
ACCELERATED EROSION
28
_____ is defined as an action of surface that removes soil particles and rocks from one location to another on the earth's surface.
Erosion
29
_______ occurs naturally, but human activities can make erosion occur.
Erosion
30
The major causes of erosion are:
human activities and natural processes.
31
_______ erosion caused by geological processes acting over long geologic periods and resulting in the wearing away of mountains, building up of floodplains, coastal plains, etc. Synonymous with natural erosion.
normal or natural
32
This type of erosion contributes to the formation of soils and their distribution on the earth surface.
natural or normal erosion.
33
The geologic erosion is a longtime eroding process.
natural or normal erosion.
34
ANTHROPOGENIC ACTIVITIES:
HUMANS NEEDS AND WANTS CHANGES IN NATURAL COVER AND SOIL CONDITIONS
35
TYPES OF EROSION ACC. TO ACTIVE FORCES:
1.WIND EROSION 2. GRAVITY EROSION c. WATER EROSION
36
Erosion in low rainfall areas
WIND EROSION
37
GRAVITY EROSION Movement of soil due to its own weight:
a. SOIL CREEP b. Landslide
38
- slow movement of soil sometimes not perceptible
SOIL CREEP
39
- sudden movement of landmass of soil and rocks
Landslide
40
Landslide- sudden movement of landmass of soil and rocks caused by:
a. increased weight of soil b. undercutting by stream banks c. faulty drainage d. cutting of trees e. earthquake f. internal movement in geologicformation
41
Erosion caused by movement of water
WATER EROSION
42
HUMAN INTERFERENCE CAUSING EROSION:
1.Logging and fuel cutting 2. kaingin making 6. improper dispossal of mining waste 3. forest fire and grassland burning 4. improper range management 5. road cuts 7. Improper drainage
43
EFFECTS OF EROSION:
1.Deterioration of farmlands 2. Increase of floods 3. reduction of water supply 4. siltation of reservoirs, canals and rivers 5. Destruction of buildings, roads and other communication lines
44
PREVENTIVE MEASURES AGAINST EROSION
1.educational campaign 2. fire prevention control 3. fencing 4. proper land use 5. proper range management * prescribed burning * pasture rotation * pastural improvement
45
EROSION CONTROL MEASURES:
1.ENGINEERING/ STRUCTURAL MEASURES 2. Biological/ Vegetative measure 3. Vengineering measures 4. Agroforestry 5.Reforestation/Afforestation
46
ENGINEERING/ STRUCTURAL MEASURES:
A. Masonry B. Concrete C. Gabions
47
-stone walls or riprapping with or without cement
Masonry
48
- cement with reinforcement bars
Concrete
49
- large rectangular wire crates that are filled with stones
Gabions
50
Biological/ Vegetative measure:
A. Wattling B. saturation planting C. Bench brush layers E. Fascines F. Sodding
51
- interwove brush wood across slopes
Wattling
52
- plantng crops with very close spacing to cover the soil
saturation planting
53
- bundle of grassess laid across the slope
Fascines
54
- Matting the soil to grasses
Sodding
55
- combination of vegetative and engineering measures, which are usually established on the eroded areas for erosion control, and along creeks to trap sediments.
Vengineering measures
56
- land use management system, which combines the production of agricultura crops, forest trees and or livestock simultaneously or sequentially on the same unit of land.
Agroforestry
57
- the restoration of the original forest by planting seedlings
Reforestation/Afforestation