Chapter 3 Flashcards
- is a continuous process by which water is transported from the oceans to the atmosphere to the land and back to the sea.
hydrologic cycle
- involves the continuous circulation of water in the Earth-Atmosphere system
hydrologic cycle
Earth’s Water: ocean contains ____ water
96.5%
Earth’s Water:____ on land
3.5%
Earth’s Water: freshwater contains ____
1%
Hydrologic cycle is expressed as ___________
P=RO+E+T+I+S
- Solar radiation heats liquid from bodies of water causing gradually change into a gas
or water vapor.
EVAPORATION
Evaporation Process:
- Bodies of water
- Evaporation (water vapor)
- Condensation (reduction of temperature)
- Clouds (small water droplets 5to75 micrometers)
- Coalescence (formation of bigger droplets)
- Rain (>0.5mm diameter)
Factors Affecting Evaporation:
a. Solar radiation
b. Temperature/ Relative Humility
c. Volume of available water
d. Vegetation/Soil Cover
e. Soil
- Results of the reduction of temperature by the removal of latent heat of evaporation
resulting to liquid product known as condensate.
Condensation
- the change of the state of matter from the gas phase into the liquid phase
Condensation
- condensed form of atmospheric moisture of consisting of small water droplets or tiny ice crystals.
Clouds
Clouds range in size from about _____ micrometers or 0.0002to 0.003in
5-75
– evaporation of water particles from plant opening or from stomata of leaves.
Transpiration
- the biological process that occurs mostly in the day
Transpiration
- all forms of water deposited on the earth surface and derived from atmospheric vapor.
Precipitation
- Liquid water evaporates into water vapor, condenses to form clouds, and precipitates back to earth in the form of rain and snow
Precipitation
TYPES OF PRECIPITATION:
1.) Convective precipitation
2.) Orographic precipitation
3.) Cyclonic precipitation
4. Cloud Seeding
- results from excessive heating of the earth’s surface, causing water vapor to rise up condense, coalesce and increase in diameter before they fall as raindrop.
Convective precipitation
- occurs when the heated air from the earth’s surface rises upwards along with the water vapour and gets condensed when it reaches a higher altitude
Convective precipitation
- wind from the sea or ocean blows the condensed nuclei, towards the
seashore, the condensation nuclei, coalesce and increase in diameter before they come across
physical barriers usually fall as rain the windward direction.
Orographic precipitation
- precipitation resulting from movements of air masses due to differences in barometer pressure.
Cyclonic precipitation
- occurs when warm, moist air is drawn into a low-pressure cold front.
Cyclonic precipitation
- forms when a relatively moist, warm air mass slides up and over a cold air mass
Warm Front
- forms when a cold, dense air mass pushes under a warm, lighter air mass, forcing the warm air to
rise
Cold Front
2 Types of cyclonic precipitation
a.) Non-frontal
b.) Frontal
- low pressure area is –lifted by
air masses, followed by cooling
and raindrop formation
Non-frontal
- opposite air masses with different
temperature meet precipitation
occurs at the boundaries of the
masses.
Frontal
- a colder, denser air mass lifts the
warm, moist air ahead of it. As
the air rises, it cools and its
moisture condenses to produce
clouds and precipitation
cold front
When a _____ collides with a
cold front, frontal rainfall occurs
warm front
- silver iodide plus dry ice (solid carbon dioxide) is sprayed into the clouds which attract several small water droplets to come together to form raindrops.
Cloud seeding
- a weather modification technique that improves a cloud’s ability to produce rain or snow by introducing tiny ice nuclei into certain types of subfreezing clouds
Cloud seeding
