- Tendinitis - Tenosynovitis - Trigger finger

ERGO PRELIM 2 Flashcards by MARIAN CHELSEA COLLADO

Discipline that seeks to adapt the job to the worker with the goal of promoting worker health, safety, comfort, and productivity

OCCUPATIONAL ERGONOMICS

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True or False:

To arrange the environment to help the worker
maintain a neutral posture, in order to minimize the incidents of work-related musculoskeletal disorders

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A poor sitting position may lead to the 3 followings:

– Neck and shoulder fatigue
○ Low back pain
○ Numbness and discomfort in the legs

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to describe muscle, nerve, and
tendon pain caused by repetitive movement and
overuse.

REPETITIVE STRAIN INJURY (RSI)

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3 RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH RSI?

– Physical Factors
– Psychological / Organizational Factors
– ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS.

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Factors like force, posture, frequency/duration of work associated with the
likelihood of developing an RSI because they stress our _____, ______. what is it?

Physcial Factors ; Joints and Muscles

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Other names for RSI include ___ and ____

– Cumulative Trauma Disorder
– Repetitive Motion Injury

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Stress is an indirect player because it is not stress that causes injury – it is the _______ of our bodies to stress that can cause or aggravate RSI.

Psychological / Organizational Factors; Physical Reaction

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Some factors that contribute to the development of RSI are noise, temperature, and lighting.

Environmental Factors

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Causes of RSI (Repetitive Strain Injury)
 Repetitive ___________
 Repeated exposure to ergonomic _______- over a period of time
 Compression on _______ and _____ edges
 _______ exertions
 ______ or _____ body postures

movements
Stress factors
Hard and sharp
Forceful
Sustained or Awkard

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3 Tendon disorders

Tendinitis
Tenosynovitis
Trigger finger

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Causes of tendon disorders

Excessive repetition
Tasks that require shoulder to be elevated
Overuse
Overexertion

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Type of nerve disorder and its causes?

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Causes
- Repetitive wrist motions
- Poor wrist posture

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location of NEUROVASCULAR DISORDERS

Neck and Shoulder Disorders

Frequent reaching above
shoulder level
Lifting objects with the
shoulders drawn down and
back

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Are injuries and disorders that affect the human body’s movement or musculoskeletal system (i.e. muscles, tendons, ligaments, nerves, discs, blood vessels, etc.).

MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS (MSDS)

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Reading time
COMMON MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS

 Carpal tunnel syndrome
 Tendonitis
 Muscle/tendon strain
 Ligament sprain
 Tension neck syndrome
 Thoracic outlet compression
 Epicondylitis
 Radial tunnel syndrome
 Digital neuritis
 Trigger finger/ thumb
 DeQuervain’s syndrome
 Mechanical Back Syndrome
 Degenerative Disc Disease
 Ruptured/ Herniated Disc

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Are a group of painful disorders of muscles, tendons, and nerves

WORK RELATED MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS

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Repeated or forceful rotation of the FOREARM and BENDING OF WRIST at the same time

Epicondylitis (elbow tendonitis)

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Repetitive wrist motions
Repetitive shoulder motions
Sustained hyper extension of arms
Prolonged load on shoulders

Tendonitis / tenosynovitis..

Symptoms are: Pain, weakness, swelling, burning sensation or dull ache over affected area

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Repetitive hand twisting and forceful gripping.
Pain at the base of thumb

DeQuervain’s disease

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Repetitive wrist motions (ONLY)

Pain, numbness, tingling, burning sensations, wasting of muscles at base of thumb, dry palm

Carpal tunnel syndrome

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Prolonged SHOULDER flexion
Extending arms above SHOULDER
height
Carrying loads on the SHOULDER

Thoracic outlet syndrome

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Prolonged restricted posture

Tension neck Syndrome

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Fatigue outpaces the body’s __________, which causes muscular imbalances.

recovery mechanism

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2 risk factors of WMSD; with definition

-- ERGONOMIC RISK FACTORS (force, posture, repetition) -- INDIVIDUAL RISK FACTORS (poor practice, fitness, health habits)

Objective evaluation of the workstation design tells us the worker’s ________ system will not be able to keep up with the ______ that will be caused by performing the job.

Recovery; Fatigue

THREE PRIMARY ERGONOMIC RISK FACTORS:

High task repetition Forceful exertions - Repetitive or sustained awkward postures

Muscle effort _______ in response to high force requirements, increasing associated fatigue which can lead to MSD.

increases

A repetitive job has a cycle time of _________

30s or less

True or false: Limiting ourselves to a singular cause of MSDs will limit our ability to create a prevention strategy that addresses the multi-dimensional worker.

True. Humans are multi-dimensional

4 INDIVIDUAL RISK FACTORS INCLUDE:

Poor work practices. Poor overall health habits. Poor rest and recovery. Poor nutrition, fitness, and hydration.

a disorder associated with the peripheral nervous system, which includes nerves and ganglia located outside the spinal cord and brain.

CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME (CTS)

the compression of the median nerve at the wrist, which may result in numbness, tingling, weakness, or muscle atrophy in the hand and fingers.

Carpal tunnel syndrome

A study of forces on the human body. useful tool when lifting pushing or pulling w/ or w/o load

Biomechanics

Goal of Biomech

Quantify musculoskeletal loading during work to calculate the level of risk of the task. Improve human movement and prevent injuries

examines when how and where body moves

kinematics

examines causes of motion, the internal and external forces that cause motion or remain at rest

kinetics

Maintaining proper musular and skeletal positioning during movement

body mechanics

Listen to your body – early detection and prompt treatment is the best way to correct possible damage. The subtle aches and pains we experience may be our bodies’ way of telling us that something needs attention.

THINK DETECTION

Many injuries are preventable. Performing repetitive tasks in unnatural positions can put strain on our muscles, joints, and tendons, but practicing good work habits and applying ergonomics at work can go a long way in offsetting injuries.

THINK PREVENTION

Strengthening our bodies through proper diet and regular exercise can help them handle the work we put them through. Also, try the exercises in the booklet to give your muscles and bones a break

THINK ACTIVITY

overuse of the muscles through repeated movements can put stress on your body, causing a _______.

Repetitive strain injury

The risk factors closely associated with the development of office related injuries are ______/ _______/ ______ and ______ factors. Some factors have a more direct influence on these injuries than others.

physical, psychological, organization, environmental

Sometimes employees are overloaded – that is, they feel they cannot do something because they do not have enough time or the right resources. This causes employees to stress about their ability to perform their tasks well. Decreasing workload and minimizing the need for overtime can alleviate stress.

COGNITIVE (MENTAL) EFFORT

An employee’s perception of how well co- workers interact, how work is organized and how often he or she is supervised can be a source of stress. Lack of job clarity and general job dissatisfaction can also stress employees.

PSYCHOSOCIAL

Varying work schedules, such as shift work, can affect a worker’s sleep and eating patterns, as well as his or her family and social interaction. Also, when employees work overtime, they are exposed to longer hours of repetitive tasks, which may increase the chance of injury.

Organizational

The space between the front edge of the seat and the back of your knee should be the span of _______. This will minimize pressure on the underside of your leg.

2 to 3 fingers

While seated, bend your elbows to _____ degrees and relax the shoulders.

Adjust the screen height. Monitors should be at _____ or____.

eye level or just slightly below eye level.

Place your monitor ______ from your eyes, or use the arm’s length rule:

18’’ to 30’’

How do i make chair fit me + setup suggestions

Chair height ; back support; seath depth; armrests Work surface, computer, docs holder, footrest, headset

How to back support?

Adjust the lumbar support so it rests in the small of your back

Where do I place my mouse and keyboard?

Position your keyboard so your wrists are straight when elbows are 90 degrees. with mouse at same height

Purpose of Document holder?

-- can help you minimize head turning and neck pain. -- Place it at the same distance and height as the monitor -- Place it on the same side as your dominant eye

is among the most frequent and most severe causes of injury around the world

handling materials

Reading time -- Slowly turn your head to the left and then to the right, pausing momentarily in the center. Do this about 3 times.  Slowly roll your shoulders forward in a complete circle. Do this about 5 times, and then roll them backward for 5 times.  Try spreading the fingers as far apart as you can and hold for 5 seconds. Do this 3-5 times.  Slowly stretch and extend your fingers and then close them into your palm 3-5 times.  To develop the muscles in your hands and fingers, squeeze a rubber ball or gripper for 20 to 30 repetitions.

yeah

In the United States, 28.2% of all work injuries involving disability are caused by overexertion, lifting, throwing, folding, carrying, pushing or pulling loads that weigh _______ pounds

________ tasks are the principal source of compensable work injuries affecting primarily the low back pain in the_____

manual material handling; US

LOW BACK DISORDERS BY INDUSTRY -- Service Industries __% (Salons, spa, BPO)  Manufacturing Industry __%  Trade Industry __%  Transportation and Public Utility __%

27, 25, 24, 24

CRITERIA FOR ASSESSING MANUAL MATEIRAL HANDLING CAPABILITIES

PHYSIOLOGICAL Psychophysical Biomechanical

general, the goal is to limit metabolic rate to less than ____

5 kcal/min

GENERAL APPROACHES in manual material handling

SELECT THE INDIVIDUAL TEACH THE TECHNIQUE DESIGN THE JOB

RULES FOR SAFE LIFTING

-- Perform the lift between knuckle height and shoulder height -- good grip -- physical shape -- load close to the body. -- lift w/ leg

The thermal environment should be within the zones of comfort for the physical work (how many celsius

18 - 22 celsius

The acoustical environment should be agreeable, with sound levels preferably ______

below 75 dBA

kCal/min of Sleeping Resting Standing

BMR 1.5 2.2

Climbing steep stairs w/ 10 kg

16.2

Cycling at 16 km/hr

5.2

Running at 12 km/hr

12.7

Walking at 3 km/hr Walking at 4.5 km/hr Walking at 6km/hr

2.8 4.0 5.2

Climbing steep step 100 steps/minute Jogging at 7.2km/hr

13.7 7.5

Office work seated and standing

1.6 and 1.8

Light assembly work seated

2.2

soldering tasks seated

2.7

cleaning windows sewing wood manually

3.1 6.8

Bricklaying

Chopping wood

mowing lawn

8.3

Shoveling loads of 7kg

8.5

Climbing stairs with 8kg

9.0

refers to the sum of biochemical reactions that occur in the cells of a living organism to do the following: ▪ Provide energy for vital processes and activities ▪ Assimilate new organic material into the body

metabolism

the amount energy per unit time at which chemical energy contained in food is converted into mechanical energy and the formation of new organic matter.

energy rate process

It is the energy used for digestion.

Digestive metabolism

energy associated with physical activity such as sports and manual work

Activity metabolism

our body’s primary source of energy. at 4 kcal/kg

Carbohydrates. Converted into glucose and give glycogen

Converted into amino acid. at 4 kcal/kg

Protein.

Converted into fatty acid (acetic acid and glycerol)

Lipids

This is the difference between the amount of oxygen needed by the muscles during muscular activity and the amount that is supplied.

Oxygen debt

is anaerobic during this time lag.

Glycolysis