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ap world history > Era 4 > Flashcards

Era 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

How did long-distance trade change? (2)

A

It included the global circulation of some commodities, and the formation of new regional markets and financial centers

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2
Q

Increased transregional and global trade networks facilitated the spread of… (3)

A

Religion, culture, large amounts of migrants

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3
Q

Columbian Exchange

A

Exchange of plants and animals, disease, and people.

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4
Q

Effect of Columbian Exchange

A

Population growth from new food.

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5
Q

European technological developments in ___ and __ built on _____.

A

European technological developments in cartography and navigation built on previous knowledge developed in the classical, Islamic, and Asian worlds

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6
Q

European Technology Developments (3 with 2 examples)

A

New tools (astrolabe, improved maps), innovations in ship designs (caravels), and an improved understanding of global wind and currents patterns

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7
Q

Columbian Exchange- Exports: American foods (3) spread to (3)

A

American foods like potatoes, maize, manioc spread to Europe, Asia, and Africa.

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8
Q

Columbian Exchange- Imports: Agriculture (2)

A

Europeans bring domesticated animals (horses, pigs, cattle), African slaves (okra, rice).

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9
Q

Syncretic and new forms of religion (3)

A
  1. Vodun in the Caribbean
  2. Cults of saints in Latin America
  3. Sikhism in South Asia
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10
Q

Spread of existing religions (3)

A
  1. Islam -> Afro-Eurasia
  2. Christianity affected by Reformation
  3. Buddhism -> Asia
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11
Q

Innovations in visual and performing arts (4)

A
  1. Renaissance art in Europe
  2. Miniature paintings in ME + S. Asia
  3. Wood-block prints in Japan
  4. Post-conquest codices in Mesoamerica
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12
Q

Popular authors, literary forms, and works of literature (4) led to (1)

A
  1. Shakespeare
  2. Cervantes
  3. Sundiata
  4. Journey to the West
  5. Kabuki

expands literacy

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13
Q

A surge in agri. productivity resulted from (2)

A
  1. New methods in crop and field rotation

2. Intro of new crops

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14
Q

Intensification of peasant labor (3)

A
  1. Frontier settlements in Russian Siberia (Cossacks)
  2. Cotton textile production in India.
  3. Silk textile production in China.
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15
Q

What increased demand for slaves in Americas?

A

Growth of the plantation economy

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16
Q

Coerced labor (3)

A
  1. Chattel slavery- owning human property
  2. Indentured servitude
  3. Encomienda + hacienda systems- colonists can demand tribute and labor from Native Americans, agri. estates
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17
Q

What created new elites? (2)

A

Creation

  1. Imperial conquests
  2. econ. oppurtunities
18
Q

New elites (4)

A
  1. Chinese manchus
  2. Creole elites in Spanish America
  3. European gentry
  4. Merchants
19
Q

What happened to the existing elites?

A

Their power fluctuated as they faced challenges influencing the policies of monarchs + leaders.

20
Q

Existing elites (3)

A
  1. Zamindars in Mughal Empire- land owners that taxed peasants
  2. Nobility in Europe
  3. Daimyo in Japan
21
Q

Gender + Family Restructuring (2)

A
  1. Dependence on Euro men on SE Asian women for conducting trade in that region.
  2. The smaller size of European families- children take on emotional meaning, not economic
22
Q

New ethnic and racial classifications (3)

A
  1. Mestizos- Spanish + American Indian
  2. Mulatto- African + Europeans in North America
  3. Creole- African + European elites in South America
23
Q

Where were cash crops grown and exported?

A
  1. Grown: Plantations with coerced labor.

2. Exported: Europe + ME

24
Q

Examples of Cash crops (2)

A
  1. Sugar

2. Tobacco

25
Q

Strategies of centralization

A
  1. More efficient tax systems on peasants -> rebellions
26
Q

What led to an increase of funding for the visual + performing arts? (2)

A
  1. Merchants’ profits

2. Taxes collected by the gov’t

27
Q

How did rulers legitimize + consolidate their power? (4)

A
  1. The arts
  2. Religious ideas
  3. Treated different ethnic + religious groups that utilized econ. contributions while limiting ability to challenge authority
  4. Use bureaucratic elites + military professionals
  5. Tax farming + tribute collection
28
Q

Arts as displays of political power (4)

A
  1. Monumental architecture
  2. Urban design
  3. Courtly literature
  4. The visual arts
29
Q

Religious ideas (4)

A
  1. European divine right
  2. Safavid use of Shi’ism
  3. Aztec human sacrifice
  4. Chinese emperors perform Confucian rituals
30
Q

Differential treatment of ethnic and religious groups (2)

A
  1. Ottoman treatment of non- Muslims

2. Manchu policies towards Chinese

31
Q

Bureaucratic elites or military professionals (3)

A
  1. Ottoman devshirme
  2. Chinese exam sys.
  3. Salaried samurai
32
Q

Imperial expansion relied on the use of (3)

A
  1. Gunpowder
  2. Cannons
  3. Armed trade (Portuguese)
33
Q

Examples of imperial expansion- land + maritime empires (2, 5)

A 
Land
1. Manchus
2. Mughals
Sea
1. Portugese
2. Spanish
3. Dutch
4. French
5. British
34
Q

What 3 things challenged state consolidation + expansion?

A
  1. Competition over trade routes
  2. State rivalries
  3. Local resistance
35
Q

Competition over trade routes (2)

A
  1. Oman-European rivalry in the Indian Ocean.

2. Piracy in the Caribbean

36
Q

State rivalries (2)

A
  1. Thirty Years War

2. Ottoman-Safavid conflict

37
Q

Local Resistance (3)

A
  1. Food riots
  2. Samurai revolts
  3. Peasant uprisings
38
Q

____ led to commercialization and the creation of a global economy.

A

New global circulation of silver from the Americas

39
Q

The Atlantic system involved the movement of (3), and the mixing of (3) cultures and peoples.

A 
The Atlantic system involved the movement of...
1. goods
2. wealth 
3. free/ unfree laborers
and the mixing of 
1. African 
2. American
3. European 
cultures and peoples.
40
Q

Columbian Exchange: Disease (2)

A

Diseases included smallpox, measles, influenza + Vermin (mosquitos rats)

41
Q

How did peasant labor change?

A

It intensified as plantations expanded and the demand for labor increased bc of demand for raw materials + mfg goods.

ap world history (6 decks)

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