Equipment questions

Question 1

CNS areas navigation

Answer 1

ground-based systems, satellite systems, aircraft-based systems

Question 2

CNS areas surveillance

Answer 2

• dependent or independent
• cooperative or non-cooperative
• PSR or SSR

Question 3

wavelength and frequency relationship

Answer 3

• frequency: cycles/sec, in hertz
• high freq = short wave
• low freq = long wave
• wavelength: in meters (lamda)

Question 4

what is amplitude?

Answer 4

wave height

Question 5

what is attenuation?

Answer 5

lose in strength due to ex. distance

Question 6

what is reflection?

Answer 6

when the signal kinda bounces back

Question 7

what is refraction

Answer 7

The change in direction a wave due to a change in speed as seen when it passes from one medium to another

Question 8

what is propagation?

Answer 8

direct waves, ground waves, sky waves

Question 9

how do the different propagations get around?

Answer 9

direct waves - line of sight
ground waves - follows the earth
sky waves - reflected to earth by ionosphere (skips)

Question 10

what is modulation?

Answer 10

Changing the wave to use that signal to a message

Question 11

transmitting system:

Answer 11

1. voice
2. VCS
3. transmitter
4. antenna

Question 12

receiving system:

Answer 12

1. voice
2. VCS
3. receiver
4. antenna

Question 13

radio spectrums in order (and some numbers)

Answer 13

VLF
LF
MF
HF: 3 - 30 MHz
VHF: 30 - 300 MHz
UHF: 300 MHz - 3 GHz
SHF
EHF

Question 14

frequency numbers communication

Answer 14

band: 117.975 - 137.000
usable: 118.000 - 136.975

Question 15

what equipment do you need to use a VDF (VHF direction finder)?

Answer 15

VHF radio

Question 16

what is QDM and QDR?

Answer 16

QDM - magnetic heading TO the station
QDR - magnetic bearing FROM the station

Question 17

VDF ICAO classification

Answer 17

• class A-D
• how precise it is

Question 18

CWP

Answer 18

controller working position

Question 19

VCS

Answer 19

voice communication system

Question 20

fixed, voice communication is used by

Answer 20

telephone

Question 21

ATIS

Answer 21

automatic terminal information service

Question 22

VOLMET

Answer 22

ATIS but for more aerodromes

Question 23

AFTN

Answer 23

aeronautical fixed telecommunication network

Question 24

ACARS

Answer 24

aircraft communication addressing and reporting system

Question 25

CPDLC

Answer 25

controller pilot data link communication

Question 26

frequency separation

Answer 26

• 3 channels in between the frequencies
• 25 kHz
• 8.33 kHz
• The same on 25, 50, 75 etc

Question 27

what is antenna shadowing

Answer 27

when line of sight to the source is partially or fully blocked by another antenna in front of it

Question 28

what is SELCAL?

Answer 28

selective calling system
- A ground station wishes to communicate with the aircraft
- Transmitted on HF or VHF
- Ex over an ocean the can turn the radio off

Question 29

what is PSR?

Answer 29

primary surveillance radar
- Reflects on the aircraft
- Advantages: simple, non-cooperative
- Disadvantages: clutter, don’t have altitude or identification
- Declutter and MTI (moving target indicator)

Question 30

what is SSR?

Answer 30

• Sends out a beam
• Need a transponder
• 1030 – 1090
• Code 7000: VFR
• Ident/SPI: to identify which aircraft it is
• Garbling: two planes answer to the same interrogation, might fail the signal completely
• Advantages: Identification and altitude

Question 31

mode S elementary surveillance

Answer 31

• Callsign
• Aircraft ID
• Altitude
• Ground speed, heading

Question 32

ABI

Answer 32

advance boundary information message

Question 33

ACT

Answer 33

activation message coordination

Question 34

LAM

Answer 34

local area MLAT

Question 35

REV

Answer 35

revision message

Question 36

OLDI

Answer 36

online data interchange

Question 37

STCA

Answer 37

short term conflict alert

Question 38

APW

Answer 38

area proximity warning

Question 39

MTCD

Answer 39

medium term conflict detection