ATM questions Flashcards
difference between instructions and clearances:
instructions: directives
clearances: authorization
special VFR characteristics:
- Only in a CTR
- Cloud ceiling cant be under 600ft
- Visibility 1500ft, 800ft for helicopter
- Clearance from ATC
- Daytime only
- Speed 140 kts or less
Traffic circuit legs:
Upwind, crosswind, downwind, base, final
ATC clearance
Identification, clearance limit, route, altitude/level, frequency, transponder (CRAFT)
departure clearance
Clearance limit, SID, altitude/level, frequency, transponder (CSAFT)
Lateral separation:
VOR - 15 degrees and 15 NM separation
NDB – 30 degrees and 15 NM separation
different tracks and their degrees:
Same track: 0-45 degrees (less than 45 or more than 315)
Reciprocal track: 0-45 degrees (more than 135 or less than 225)
Crossing track – the rest (45-135 and 225-315)
what requires mandatory read back?
- Clearances and instructions
- Runway
- QNH
- Transition level
- Squawk (SSR)
relationship between TA, TRL and TL
- TA: feet, QNH, always fixed
- TRL (level): flight level, standard pressure, can vary
- TL (layer): at least 1000ft
Transfer of control
When the responsibility for providing ATC is transferred
Unless otherwised agreed the next controller will assume control of the aircraft once it crosses into the sector
emergency phases
INCERFA: up to 30 minutes without answer
ALERFA: cleared 5 min ago but no answer/ unlawful interference
DETRESFA: out of fuel, forced landing or crash
examples of unlawful interference
- Unlawful seizure
- Destruction
- Hostage-taking
- Forcible intrusion
- Introduction of weapon or hazardous devices
- Use aircraft to cause injury, pain or death
- Communication of false information to jeopardize safety
airborne safety nets
ACAS – airborne collision avoidance system
TCAS – traffic alert and collision avoidance system
GPWS – ground proximity warning system
EGPWS – enhanced ground proximity warning system
ground-based safety nets
STCA – short-term conflict alert
MSAW – minimum safe altitude warning
MTCD – meditum term conflict detection
APW – area proximity warning
APM – approach path monitor
cruising levels
- West: even
- East: odd (VFR is in the middle)
- 1000ft up to FL 410, after 2000ft
- 430, 470 etc is west
describe RVSM
- FL 290-410, 2000ft if the aircraft doesn’t live up to RVSM requirements
- Autopilot, transponder mode C etc
What airspaces can a CTR be?
A-D
What is max FL for VFR
200
