equine sx & anes Flashcards
examples of standing surgeries
repair of laceration injuries, minor eye tx, castration, repro, tooth extraction, neurectomies, laser/endoscope sx, hoof/lower leg procedures
chemical restraining agents
Ace, Xylazine, Butorphanol, Detomidine
advantages of standing surgeries
less expensive, no transportation, avoid GA risks. avoids Compartment syndrome
disadvantages of standing surgeries
surgeon comfort is comprised, patient may still move, surgical field visualization compromised, “farm sterile”
what is a line block?
all local anesthetics given in a line in SQ around surgical area
Epidurals are given where
Cy1 and Cy2
3 positions for castration surgery
standing, lateral, dorsal recumbency
emasculators must be attached how to ensure no bleeding will occur
attached to spermatic cord as proximal as possible for 2 minutes per testicle. mule/donkey- 5 minutes
what booster vax is given when castration is performed
tetanus
what drug must be used to get a horse into lateral recumbency?
ketamine
how to eliminate injury to horse in lateral recumbency
pull bottom leg forward- promotes circulation, increases perfusion of tissue, avoid elbow nerve- radial nerve paralysis
open, closed, modified castration techniques
open- vaginal tunic cut. (mule, donkey, older horses)
closed- young, does not cut vaginal tunic.
modified- does not strip tunic off of spermatic cord
how long after castration should a gelding be on stall rest?
24 hours, then exercise is recommended to reduce swelling.
what does caslicks surgery prevent in a mare?
prevents pneumovagina and infertility due to sloping perineum
procedure of caslicks sx
place tail wrap, prep/dry, palpate pelvis floor, place topical lidocaine at mucocutaneous junction, strip of mucosa is stripped, vulva is stitched with ford interlocking pattern.
how much padding for dorsal/lateral recumbency
dorsal-10 inches
lateral- 7 inches
you would apply alcohol to defat areas, except with these sx
castration and eye sx
pre-surgical prep, use what and for how long
use chlorhexidine scrub or iodine soap for 7 minutes
BP average under surgery and artery palpated
70-85 mmHg, coccygeal artery
goal of induction drugs?
to combine unconsciousness with muscle relaxation with minimal cardiorespiratory effects
3 drugs that produce unconsciousness
ketamine, thiopental, propofol
muscle relaxants
benzodiazepenes and guaifenesin
2 benzodiazepenes
diazepam and midazolam
what drug prolongs the effect of thiopental
guaifenesin
downfall of induction drug combo- guaif+ketamine
more difficult to assess depth, longer induction phase than Guaif-thio
signs of good sedation
lowered head, drooping lip, broad based stance
advantages to pre-medicating (4)
muscle relaxant, decrease stress, analgesia, reduces induction agents needed.
compartment syndrome is common in what horses
larger breeds/ draft horses
C.S of compartment syndrome
horse won’t get up after sx, palpable hard muscles, increased HR & RR, dark urine, acute renal failure
when a horse is recumbent, arteries can pump blood into muscle compartments, but..
veins and lymphatics cant collapse or drain
what causes cells to die when a horse is recumbent
pressure inside the compartment increases
what is primary cause of neuropathy/myopathy
horse that is recumbent/compartment syndrome
compartment syndrome effects 4 muscles
gluteals, triceps, masseters, quads
reasons for tail wraps
shipping, parturition, D+, repro procedures, ultrasound/sx
4 types of tail wraps
commercial tail wraps, rolled gauze, vet wrap, soft fleece wrap (polo)
