equine immunizations & disease Flashcards
what causes recurrent uveitis in horses
riboflavin deficiency
what is ‘scratches’
dermatitis under long fetlock hair, found on horses in mud
gravel/abscesses are caused by..
injury to the white line
a direct smear of Dermatophilus congolensis from a crusty lesion looks like
long chains of railroad tracks..
how is Dermatophilus congolensis stained
diff quick
what virus causes the west nile virus
Flavivirus
how is the West Nile virus transmitted? what are horses and humans considered?
mosquitos.. humans and horses are ‘dead end’ host
what disease? head pressing, limb weakness, dragging hooves.
West Nile virus
which herpes virus causes neurologic and respiratory signs? which causes only respiratory
herpes 1 - neurologic/respiratory
herpes 4-respiratory
what disease does EHV-1 cause?
rhinopneumonitis
when should broodmares be vaccinated against herpes virus 1 and 4
5th, 7th, & 9th month of gestation
what does EPM stand for
equine protozoal myeloencephalitis
how does a horse contract EPM
food and water contamination w/ infected opossum feces
what sample should you collect for EPM
CSF or blood
what test is used to diagnose EPM?
Western blot test. also, ELISA, RAPID assay, PCR
Marquis & Rebalance (ponazuril, sulfadiazine&pyrimethamine) treats what disease?
EPM
core vaccines used in horses
tetanus, west nile virus, rabies, eastern/western encephalomyelitis
non-core vaccines
anthrax, botulism, herpes, viral arteritis, influenza, potomac horse fever, rotaviral diarrhea, strangles
Tetanus CS
protrusion of the third eyelid, stiff gait, grinning appearance.
the causative bacteria for tetanus?
clostridium tetani
what is caused by genus Alphavirus (Togaviridae)
EWV equine encephalomyelitis
treatment of tetanus
tetanus antitoxin and toxoid booster
penicillin/wound cleaning
IV fluids & quiet stall
CS of colic
flank watching, sweating, toxic gum line.
what procedures should be performed before shipping horse with colic
have colic workup done, place IV catheter, have stomach decompressed, pain relief
what is colitis?
inflammation of large colon and cecum
what are the causes of colitis
change in feed
what disease is caused my myxovirus?
Equine influenza
what disease is caused by Neorickettsia risticii
potomac horse fever
monocytic ehrlichiosis AKA
potomac horse fever
what causes EIA
retrovirus-lentivirus
what animals can contract the EIA
horses, mules, donkeys, zebras
how do we test for EIA? how often should they be tested?
coggins test, AGID is gold standard. tested annually
how does EIA attack the horses body
attacks the immune system. reproduces in WBC, circulates, uses antibodies as disguise to attack RBCs
three forms of EIA
acute, chronic, inapparent
Recurrent Airway Obstruction AKA
heaves
number one cause of laminitis
endocrine disorders
what complication is common in 30-40% of the horses that get potomac horse fever
laminitis
what is the causative agent for potomac horse fever
Neorickettsia risticii
what organs are affected with anterior enteritis
upper small intestine.
how is anterior enteritis diagnosed
platinum biosponge
what predisposing factor may lead to choke?
strangles and esophageal obstruction
what enzyme is lost in the saliva during choke
sorbitol dehydrogenase
foal is losing weight, grinding teeth, and wont eat. what disease?
gastric ulcers
what treatments are available for gastric ulcer
gastrogard- treats ulcers
ulcergard-prevents ulcers (omeprazole)
what does HYPP stand for
Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis
what test is performed to see if horse is a carrier of hyperkalemic periodic paralysis
DNA blood test- if positive- dont breed.
