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large animal 2 > equine immunizations & disease > Flashcards

equine immunizations & disease Flashcards

1
Q

what causes recurrent uveitis in horses

A

riboflavin deficiency

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2
Q

what is ‘scratches’

A

dermatitis under long fetlock hair, found on horses in mud

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3
Q

gravel/abscesses are caused by..

A

injury to the white line

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4
Q

a direct smear of Dermatophilus congolensis from a crusty lesion looks like

A

long chains of railroad tracks..

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5
Q

how is Dermatophilus congolensis stained

A

diff quick

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6
Q

what virus causes the west nile virus

A

Flavivirus

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7
Q

how is the West Nile virus transmitted? what are horses and humans considered?

A

mosquitos.. humans and horses are ‘dead end’ host

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8
Q

what disease? head pressing, limb weakness, dragging hooves.

A

West Nile virus

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9
Q

which herpes virus causes neurologic and respiratory signs? which causes only respiratory

A

herpes 1 - neurologic/respiratory

herpes 4-respiratory

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10
Q

what disease does EHV-1 cause?

A

rhinopneumonitis

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11
Q

when should broodmares be vaccinated against herpes virus 1 and 4

A

5th, 7th, & 9th month of gestation

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12
Q

what does EPM stand for

A

equine protozoal myeloencephalitis

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13
Q

how does a horse contract EPM

A

food and water contamination w/ infected opossum feces

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14
Q

what sample should you collect for EPM

A

CSF or blood

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15
Q

what test is used to diagnose EPM?

A

Western blot test. also, ELISA, RAPID assay, PCR

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16
Q

Marquis & Rebalance (ponazuril, sulfadiazine&pyrimethamine) treats what disease?

A

EPM

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17
Q

core vaccines used in horses

A

tetanus, west nile virus, rabies, eastern/western encephalomyelitis

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18
Q

non-core vaccines

A

anthrax, botulism, herpes, viral arteritis, influenza, potomac horse fever, rotaviral diarrhea, strangles

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19
Q

Tetanus CS

A

protrusion of the third eyelid, stiff gait, grinning appearance.

20
Q

the causative bacteria for tetanus?

A

clostridium tetani

21
Q

what is caused by genus Alphavirus (Togaviridae)

A

EWV equine encephalomyelitis

22
Q

treatment of tetanus

A

tetanus antitoxin and toxoid booster
penicillin/wound cleaning
IV fluids & quiet stall

23
Q

CS of colic

A

flank watching, sweating, toxic gum line.

24
Q

what procedures should be performed before shipping horse with colic

A

have colic workup done, place IV catheter, have stomach decompressed, pain relief

25
Q

what is colitis?

A

inflammation of large colon and cecum

26
Q

what are the causes of colitis

A

change in feed

27
Q

what disease is caused my myxovirus?

A

Equine influenza

28
Q

what disease is caused by Neorickettsia risticii

A

potomac horse fever

29
Q

monocytic ehrlichiosis AKA

A

potomac horse fever

30
Q

what causes EIA

A

retrovirus-lentivirus

31
Q

what animals can contract the EIA

A

horses, mules, donkeys, zebras

32
Q

how do we test for EIA? how often should they be tested?

A

coggins test, AGID is gold standard. tested annually

33
Q

how does EIA attack the horses body

A

attacks the immune system. reproduces in WBC, circulates, uses antibodies as disguise to attack RBCs

34
Q

three forms of EIA

A

acute, chronic, inapparent

35
Q

Recurrent Airway Obstruction AKA

A

heaves

36
Q

number one cause of laminitis

A

endocrine disorders

37
Q

what complication is common in 30-40% of the horses that get potomac horse fever

A

laminitis

38
Q

what is the causative agent for potomac horse fever

A

Neorickettsia risticii

39
Q

what organs are affected with anterior enteritis

A

upper small intestine.

40
Q

how is anterior enteritis diagnosed

A

platinum biosponge

41
Q

what predisposing factor may lead to choke?

A

strangles and esophageal obstruction

42
Q

what enzyme is lost in the saliva during choke

A

sorbitol dehydrogenase

43
Q

foal is losing weight, grinding teeth, and wont eat. what disease?

A

gastric ulcers

44
Q

what treatments are available for gastric ulcer

A

gastrogard- treats ulcers

ulcergard-prevents ulcers (omeprazole)

45
Q

what does HYPP stand for

A

Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis

46
Q

what test is performed to see if horse is a carrier of hyperkalemic periodic paralysis

A

DNA blood test- if positive- dont breed.

large animal 2 (9 decks)

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