Equine Skin Masses

Question 1

What is a sarcoid?

Answer 1

Inflamed cells joined together to make granuloma

Question 2

4 types of sarcoid

Answer 2

Occult
Verrucose
Fibroblastic
Nodular

Question 3

Common locations for sarcoids

Answer 3

Face
Genitals
Groin
Maxilla

Question 4

Causes of sarcoids

Answer 4

Papillomavirus from flies

Question 5

Common treatments for sarcoids

Answer 5

Liverpool cream - chemotherapy
Vaseline around sarcoid
Cream on sarcoid
Freeze/thaw with liquid nitrogen
Need to allow thawing
Cut off with laser
Ligation/tying off
Radiation therapy - not available in UK
Is in france/germany

Question 6

Nodular sarcoids

Answer 6

Firm
Round
discrete
Covered by haired skin

Question 7

Occult sarcoids

Answer 7

Earlier from of disease
Flat
Roughly circular
Discoloured
Covered by hair

Question 8

Verrucose sarcoids

Answer 8

Crusty/warty
Can coalesce

Question 9

Fibroblastic sarcoids

Answer 9

Aggressive
Erupted/fleshy

Question 10

How to diagnose sarcoids

Answer 10

Usually have characteristic appearance/location
Can biopsy but should remove entire sarcoid
* Otherwise could make is worse

Question 11

What sort of horses commonly get sarcoids?

Answer 11

All horses

Question 12

What is a melanoma?

Answer 12

Tumour of melanocytes
Dark in colour

Question 13

Which horses commonly get melanocytes?

Answer 13

Greys

Question 14

Where do you find melanomas?

Answer 14

Perineum
Tail base
Vulva
Sheath
Throat region
Lips
Guttural pouch
Abdomen

Question 15

Treatment for melanomas

Answer 15

Cimetidine - slows growth

Question 16

What horses are squamous cell carcinomas common in and why?

Answer 16

Geldings
Have dirty sheaths
Smegma is carcinogenic

Question 17

Where do you find squamous cell carcinomas?

Answer 17

Urogenital or eye region
* Mucocutaneous junctions