equine science final exam

Question 1

bishoping

Answer 1

altering the teeth of an older horse to make it sell as a younger horse

Question 2

foal

Answer 2

baby horse until weaned

Question 3

weanling

Answer 3

6 months to a year

Question 4

yearling

Answer 4

1-2 years old

Question 5

colt

Answer 5

male horse until age 4

Question 6

stud colt

Answer 6

intact young male horse

Question 7

filly

Answer 7

young female horse until age 4

Question 8

stallion

Answer 8

adult male horse of breeding age

Question 9

gelding

Answer 9

castrated male horse

Question 10

mare

Answer 10

adult female horse of breeding age

Question 11

deciduous teeth

Answer 11

temporary, milk, or baby teeth

Question 12

permanent

Answer 12

second eruption or adult teeth

Question 13

eruption

Answer 13

pertains to the period when breaks through the gum

Question 14

labial surface

Answer 14

surface towards the lips

Question 15

lingual surface

Answer 15

surface towards the tongue

Question 16

buccal surface

Answer 16

cheek surface

Question 17

1st incisor

Answer 17

central

Question 18

2nd incisor

Answer 18

intermediate

Question 19

3rd incisor

Answer 19

corner

Question 20

canines

Answer 20

develop around 4-5 years of age, top and bottom, and located within the middle bars of the mouth

Question 21

P1

Answer 21

first premolar, known as wolf teeth, which don’t appear until 5-6 months of age, only on the top, located directly in front of premolars, often removed at early age

Question 22

P2, P3, P4

Answer 22

2nd, 3rd, 4th premolars, cheek teeth, deciduous and permanent teeth

Question 23

M1,M2,M3

Answer 23

1st, 2nd, 3rd molars, permanent only, no deciduous

Question 24

teeth formula

Answer 24

2(I 3/3 C 1/1 P 3-4/3 M 3/3)= 40-42 teeth

Question 25

diastema

Answer 25

space between two teeth, where the bit goes

Question 26

foal eruption times

Answer 26

Di1: 6 days (birth or first week)
Di2: 6 weeks (4-6 weeks)
Di3: 6 months (6-9 months)
Dp2, Dp3, Dp4: birth or first 2 weeks

Question 27

young horses-permanent incisors eruption times

Answer 27

central pair: 2 1/2 years
intermediate: 3 1/2 years
adult corner incisors: 4 1/2 years
5 years: fully developed

Question 28

dental table

Answer 28

the table, masticatory or occlusal surface, where the upper and lower teeth touch

Question 29

infundibulum

Answer 29

the deep funnel of enamel filled with a variable amount of cement

Question 30

cup

Answer 30

the dark cavity of the infundibulum

Question 31

dental star

Answer 31

darker dentin that fills the pulp cavity as the tooth wears, slightly visible at age 5 and very visible by age 8

Question 32

galvayne’s groove

Answer 32

the longitudinal depression on the labial surface of the upper corner incisor

Question 33

cups

Answer 33

hollow and rectangular or oval in shape, appearing on the tables of the permanent incisors, that wear away over time

Question 34

smooth mouthed

Answer 34

what the horse is referred to when all the cups are gone, average age is 11-12 (up to 15)

Question 35

angle of incidence

Answer 35

angle and shape of the incisors: as horse ages, angle of incisors becomes more acute, slanting forward

Question 36

parrot mouth

Answer 36

lower jaw too short

Question 37

monkey mouth

Answer 37

lower jaw too long

Question 38

dental points

Answer 38

dental problem where the top is wider than the bottom and can result in sharp points that can cut cheeks

Question 39

floating

Answer 39

treatment for dental points that involves filing off the sharp points

Question 40

hooks

Answer 40

formed when the front border of the upper 1st teeth are further forward than the lower 1st teeth, can cut into the gums

Question 41

four key changes to estimate age

Answer 41

1. occurrence of permanent teeth
2. disappearance of cups
3. angle of incidence
4. shape of the surface of the teeth