equine science exam 2

Question 1

Gene E

Answer 1

controls black hair on body

Question 2

Gene A

Answer 2

Controls black hair on points

Question 3

Gene G

Answer 3

gray coloring

Question 4

Gene W

Answer 4

white coloring, most rare, WW is lethal

Question 5

Gene C

Answer 5

dilution gene, affects red pigment

Question 6

cremello

Answer 6

chestnut base with 2 cream genes, if it only had 1 cream gene it would be a palomino

Question 7

perlino

Answer 7

bay base with 2 cream genes, 1 cream gene would be a buckskin

Question 8

Gene D

Answer 8

dilution gene that dilutes both black and red

Question 9

Gene TO

Answer 9

tobiano, dominant, toto is solid, TOTO is rare

Question 10

Gene O

Answer 10

overo, OO is lethal white, Oo is overo, Oo is solid

Question 11

cranial

Answer 11

towards head

Question 12

caudal

Answer 12

towards tail

Question 13

Dorsal

Answer 13

towards the back

Question 14

ventral

Answer 14

towards the belly

Question 15

medial

Answer 15

towards middle plane

Question 16

lateral

Answer 16

away from middle plane

Question 17

proximal

Answer 17

towards the body

Question 18

distal

Answer 18

away from the body

Question 19

palmar

Answer 19

front/hand

Question 20

plantar

Answer 20

hind/foot

Question 21

vertebral formula

Answer 21

C7: T18: L6 : S5: Cd18

Question 22

gastrointestinal tract

Answer 22

mouth-pharynx-esophagus-stomach-small intestine-large intestine-rectum-anus

Question 23

mouth

Answer 23

teeth, tongue, salivary glands, mastication, amylase, vissebrae

Question 24

esophagus

Answer 24

4-5 ft long, can’t regurgitate

Question 25

stomach

Answer 25

u shaped, muscular sac, only 10% of the digestive tract capacity

Question 26

small intestine

Answer 26

3 sections: duodenum, jejunum, ileum, 70 ft long, 2 in diameter, 12 gallons

Question 27

large intestine

Answer 27

cecum, large colon, small colon, rectum, anus

Question 28

cecum

Answer 28

up to 9 gal and 4 ft long, water absorption,

Question 29

large colon

Answer 29

12 ft long, 10-12 in diameter, 20 gallon capacity, bacterial action

Question 30

small colon

Answer 30

10 ft long, 4 in diameter, formation of fecal balls

Question 31

gut sound quadrants

Answer 31

left side top, left side bottom, right side top, right side bottom

Question 32

five primary nutrients

Answer 32

carbohydrates, fats, proteins, minerals and vitamins, water

Question 33

roughages

Answer 33

pasture, hay, legumes, need 15-20% per day, processed in bales (round, square, cubes, pellets)

Question 34

legumes

Answer 34

alfalfa, more palatable than grass, high in protein,

Question 35

roughage quality

Answer 35

affected by weather, weeds, mold, stage when harvested, fertilizer, and storage

Question 36

roughage importance

Answer 36

prevents risk of colic, prevents laminitis, prevents boredom, provides continuous stream through GI

Question 37

limiting amino acids

Answer 37

amino acid that runs out first limits protein synthesis from proceeding

Question 38

3 limiting amino acids

Answer 38

lysine, methionine, threonine

Question 39

heart girth and body length formula

Answer 39

((heart girth X heart girth) X body length/ 330= estimated body weight in pounds