Equine Dentistry

Question 1

What are the 4 types of teeth

Answer 1

Incisors: 3

Canines: 4

Premolars: wolf teeth are the first! cheek teeth

Molar: 3= cheeck teeth

Deciduous and permanent teeth go through their own embryonic development- the permanent premolars erupt under the deciduous premolars until the roots of the temp teeth are dissolved

Question 2

Enamel

Answer 2

Most dense, hardest tissue in the body

Mineal content >95%

Cannot repair itself

2 types: peripheral and infundibular

Question 3

Dentin

Answer 3

Comprises the majority if dental tissue

70% mineral content

Softer and flexible compared to enamel- helps prevent cracks in the enamel

Secondary or tertiary dentin is used for repair

Question 4

Cementum

Answer 4

Calcified and bone-like

BS from periodontal ligament

Question 5

Mandibular cheek teeth

Answer 5

Normally have 5 pulp chambers- containing the nerves

Fracture of a chamber can cause nerve damage

Question 6

Maxillary cheek teeth

Answer 6

5 pulp chambers

3 roots

2 infundibula

Question 7

Difference between infundibular and pulp chambers

Answer 7

Pulp chambers go the the root area and connect

Infundibular chamber is closed and in not connected to the pulp chamber

Question 8

Maxillary vs mandibular teeth

Answer 8

Maxillary have 3 roots

Mandibular have 2 roots

Question 9

Triandan classification

Answer 9

Right max

Left max

Right mand

Left mandib

First premolar is 105 on the R

Molars 109-111

L side first premolar is 205…

Question 10

Pulp numbering

Answer 10

on 106 and 111 there are extra chambers

106 at the most rostr point

111 at the most caud

Question 11

Chewing cycle

Answer 11

Can only chew on one side at a time

Mastication pattern: ventral, lateral, dorsal, medial (down, out, up and in)

Question 12

Retained deciduous

Answer 12

Seen frequently

Maleruption of perm teeth-

failure of root resorption of deciduous

Before surgery- take x-rays

Question 13

Malocclsuion- offset bite

Answer 13

Problematic if they cannot chew properly

Can cut incisors in order to get them to the correct position

Question 14

Parrot mouth

Answer 14

Like maxillary overbite

Easier to correct in foals, surgery may be required

Question 15

Sow mouth

Answer 15

Hereditary

Common in miniature ponies

Question 16

Supernumerary teeth

Answer 16

Developmental abnormalities

Can correct with dental equipment, extract if they affect the chewing cycle

Question 17

Trauma

Answer 17

Young

Fixation surgery- in stable in sedated, standing horse with local anaesthesia

Dorsoventr or ventrodors X-rays

Question 18

Trauma case of fracture of the mandible

Answer 18

Did lat-oblique views to visualise the fracture line

Incision with 11 blade in gap between the 6 and 7 teeth, used IV catheter to push through cerclage wire, fixation of joint and teeth

Question 19

Caries

Answer 19

Aetiology is unknown- maybe seconary to fracture

Question 20

EORTH

Answer 20

Equine Odontoclastic Tooth Resorption and Hypercementesis

• Geriatric
• Pain- altering the chewing cycle
• Diagnose via inspection or x-ray where remodelling of root area is visible
• Canines and incisors- enlarged bump on root area
• Extract the affected teeth

Question 21

Cheek teeth abnormalities

Answer 21

Overgrowth

Supernumerary: always count because sometimes not noticeable

Not always necessary to remove them

Question 22

Diastema

Answer 22

Roots become straighter and the diastema is recognised easier

Question 23

Closed Diastema

Answer 23

Manib: btw 9 and 10

Deep peroidontal disease

Osteomyelitis- teeth may loosen and therefore should be extrated

Use bur to widen diastema and create a bigger hole- remove food/bacteria

Question 24

Open diastema

Answer 24

Bact cause inflamm

Treatment: remove overgrowth and apply curved bur

Better prognosis that closed

Question 25

Pulpitis

Answer 25

Inflamm caused by bact!

Abrasion, trauma, iatrogenic, thermal damage

Treatment: extraction of tooth!

Sedation and local anaesth- make sure max nerve for max etc

Use spreader to reduce sharp edges between infected tooth and prev tooth and behind the affected tooth- use this to dissect the periodontal ligament from infront and behind

Grab crown with forceps and try to loosen- can take hours in younger

Question 26

Periapical infection

Answer 26

Easy to diagnose- will be enlarged on the MANDIBULAR SIDE

May be puruelnt discharge, or fissure canal from the root to oral cavity (prognosis good in this case)

On MAX side- harder to see the enlarged arear therefore use X-ray to determine the exact location. Early max stage use CT to diagnose

Usually in younger because have intensive bs supplying the bact

Question 27

Displaced cheek teeth

Answer 27

Congenital disorder with eruption

Case: 9 yr old- left mandible enlarged and a bit painful

Fissure, awful smell

Minimal invasive buccotomy

Question 28

Oral and Dental Tumours

Answer 28

Squamous cell carcinoma- malignant hyperplasia of strat sq epithelium

V invasive surgery with poor prognosis