Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Equine Surgery and Medicine 2 > Diseases of the Oral Cavity and Esophagus > Flashcards

Diseases of the Oral Cavity and Esophagus Flashcards

1
Q

Physical exam of the oral cavity, how is it conducted?

A

With sedation or without sedation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Exam of oral cavity without sedation

A

Limited

Inspection with tongue pulled out

Ext palpation through cheeks

Use mouth gag if horse is very alert

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Exam of oral cavity with sedation

A

Recommended to use oral rinse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Clinical signs of oral diseases

A

Inappetance

Pain chewing, swallowing

Swollen face

Salivation, discharge from mouth

Halitosis

Weight loss

Quidding (dropping food)

Nasal discharge

Fistulas

Riding issues (bit)

Head-shaking

Bruxism (generally not a sign)

Dysphagia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Types of dysphagia

A

Prepharyngeal

Pharyngeal

Postpharyngeal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Prepharyngeal dysphagia

A

Quidding

Reluctance to chew

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Pharyngeal/postpharyngeal (esophageal) dysphagia

A

Cough

Nasal discharge- saliva or food

Gagging

Neck extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Types of dysphagia based on aetiology

A

Painful

Muscular

Obstructive

Neurologic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Diagnosis of dysphagia

A

Phys exam- oral cavity and neuro

Endoscopy-pharynx, esophagus, guttural pouch

Radio: plain for the skull and larynx

Contrast radio for the esophagus

US: intermandibular and retropharyngeal areas and esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Management of dysphagia

A

Treat the cause

No hay

Slurries from complete pelleted feeds: if severe may need nasogastric or esophagstomy

Severe salivation: NaCl or Kcl supplementation

Short-term parenteral feeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Causes of stomatitis and glossitis

A

FB: barley/grass awns or metals

Phenylbutazone ID (ulcer)

Vesicular stomatitis

Actinobacillosis (lignieresii)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Diseases of the salivary glands

A

Parotid swelling in grazing horses: from the fungal toxin slaframine

Primary, secondary and infectious sialoadenitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cause of primary sialoadenitis

A

This type is unusual!

Pain

Fever

Anorexia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cause of secondary sialodenitis

A

More common!

Trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cause of infectious sialodenitis

A

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

Other bact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How to diagnose diseases of the salivary glands

A

Phys exam

US

Aspiration- cytology and culture

17
Q

Treatment of diseased salivary glands

A

Palliative

NSAIDs

AB’s

18
Q

Congenital esophageal diseases

A

Esophageal duplication cysts

PRAA (persistent right aortic arch)

Idiopathic megaesophagus

Stenosis

19
Q

Acquired esophageal diseases

A

Obstruction- most common

FB

Compression

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

Stricture

Diverticulum- can be congenital or acquired

Trauma, perforation

Megaesophagus

Granulation tissue

Neoplasm

20
Q

Types of esophageal obstruction

A

Intraluminal: FB e,g feed

Extramural/intramural: abscess, granuloma, tumour, abscess, cyst

Functional disorders: exhaustion, dehydration, primary megaesophagus, neuropathy

21
Q

Predilection sites for esophageal obstruction

A

Cervical part

Thoracic inlet

Base of heart

Cardia of stomach

22
Q

Clinical signs of esophageal obstruction

A

Food (hay/straw) impaction is the most common!

Dysphagia

Anxious

Extended neck

Coughing, gagging

Bilat frothy nasal discharge- may contain saliva, water, feed

Salivation

Odynophagia (painful swallowing)

Distension in the jugular furrow

23
Q

Clinical signs of a complicated esophageal obstruction

A

Signs of asp pneumonia

Rupture:

  • Cervical region: cellulitis, systemic inflamm
    • Thoracic region: pleuritis
24
Q

Diagnosis of esophageal obstruction

A

Nasogastric tubing

Endoscopy

US- especially for complications in the cervical region

Radio: plain or contrast

25
Q

Treatment of esophageal obstruction

A

Buscopan

ACP

Oxytocin

Sedate with xylazine and butorphanol

Nasogastric tubing

Lavage while the head is lowered or under GA:

  • surgical table should be tilted, carefully inflate the intratracheal tube

Esophagostomy (rare)

AB’s parenterally- Flunixin, Meglumine

After treatment repeat endoscopy

26
Q

Oesophagitis

A

Often ulcerative

Reflux:

  • regurgitates gastric fluid
  • motility disorders
  • decreased tone of cardia
  • obstruction of gastric outflow

Other causes:

  • trauma
  • mural abscess
    • chemical- cantharidin
27
Q

Clinical signs of esophagitis

A

nonspecific!!

Signs mimic obstruction or gastric ulceration

28
Q

Diagnosis of esophagitis

A

ENDOscopy

Hyperaemia

edema

erosions and ulcers

29
Q

Esophagitis treatment

A
  1. Control of gastric acidity
  2. Correct the delayed gastric outflow- but must rule out phys obstruction first
  3. Diet
30
Q

How to control gastric acidity?

A

Omeprazole

Ranitidine

Sucralfate

31
Q

How to correc the delayed gastric outflow

A

Metoclopromide

Bethanecol

32
Q

Appropriate diet for esophagitis

A

Frequent feeding of small, soaked food

May have to fast for days if very severe

Parenteral feeding

Equine Surgery and Medicine 2 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions