Equine Flashcards
What Order do the horses belong to?
perissodactyl
What is the difference between horse breeds and types?
Breeds are the animals genetic background and type is their specific phenotypes
Name 4 pony breeds
- Shetland
- Welsh
- Dartmoor
- New forest
Name 4 horse breeds
- Thoroughbred
- Arab
- Shire
- Irish draught
How does the hot blood/cold blood/warm blood system group horses?
By temperament
What are hot bloods, and name a type?
Energetic, fast, intelligent horses, like the thoroughbred
What are cold bloods, and name a type?
Calm horses, like the shire
What are warm bloods, and name a type?
A mix between cold bloods and warm bloods, like the Lipizzaner
What industry bodies are involved in thoroughbred racing? (2)
- British horse-racing authority
- Horserace betting levy board
What industry bodies are involved in sport horses? (2)
- federation equestre internationale
- the British equestrian federation
What industry body is involved in pets and pleasure horses?
British horse society and donkey sanctuary
What industry body is involved in hunting?
Masters of foxhounds association
What industry body is involved in meat hygiene?
Meat hygiene service
Which organisation issues passports for horses?
Passport issuing organisation
How would you measure a horse?
Height from the ground to the top of the withers
What hight does a horse have to be to be classes as a horse and not a pony?
148cm/14h2”
Where should a microchip be places in a horse?
In the nuchal ligament on the left
How would you mark a microchip on a horse passport?
An M in a circle and a written description in the acquired markings
What type of drugs must be recorded in an equine passport?
Unregistered ones
Can a horse be transported to a new location without its passport?
No
Over what age must all horse have a passport?
6 months
Which horses do not need passports?
semi-wild native ponys
What is the role of the weatherbys industry body?
They administer the racing industry
What is the role of the federation equestrian Internationale, and what body represents the country for this?
Welfare of horses, British equestrian federation
What is the horserace betting levy board involved in? (3)
Race planning, medical care standards, fixture lists
Describe the appearance of a bay horse
Tan brown colour with a black main, tail, and lower legs
Describe the appearance of a brown horse
Completely brown, often a bit more tan in the stifle fold and muzzle
Describe the appearance of a black horse
Completely black, may have lack of pigment in the hoof
Describe the appearance of a chestnut horse
Reddish brown, mane/tail may be lighter or darker
Describe the appearance of a grey horse
Mixture of black and white hairs with black skin
Describe the appearance of a roan horse
Mixture of brown, white and chestnut hairs
Describe the appearance of a dun horse
Lighter coat shade than other breeds
Describe the appearance of a palomino horse
Gold coin coloured with possible lighter or darker shades, with a white/flaxen mane and tail
Describe the appearance of a piebald horse
Large irregular patches of black and white with a well defined line
Describe the appearance of a Skewbald horse
Large irregular patches of white and another colour except black with a well defined line
What sort of things can be classed as acquired markings on a horses passport? (3)
- Saddle mark
- Brand mark
- Surgical scars
How are acquired marks written drawn on an equine passport?
An arrow and a written description
How would you describe an eye with a lack of pigment either partial or complete in the iris, giving a pinkish or blue appearance?
Wall-eye
What is the prophets thumb mark? and how would you indicate it on a passport?
A muscular depression usually in the neck, triangle
What is a dorsal stripe mean?
A dorsal band of black hairs from the withers backwards
How are black bars on the legs described on a horse passport?
Zebra stripes
How would you describe horny growths on the inside of the legs, in a passport?
Chestnuts
How are white markings shown in a horses passport?
Outlined in red and lightly hatched
What would it mean if an area of the horses coat is outlined in red and hatched and described as ‘mixed’ below?
It is a white patch with varying amounts of other colours of the the general body colour
How should patches of skin with absent pigment be marked and described in an equine passport?
Drawn with a triangle and described as a flesh mark
If a flesh mark or another mark is borded what does this mean?
There is a mixed border
At what point would you class white marks on the muzzle as a white muzzle on a passport?
If it embraces both lips and extends to the region of the nostrils
How should a whorl be marked on s passport?
an X
How should a feathered whorl be marked an a passport?
An X and a line
What is the difference between a stripe and a blaze?
A blaze covers the whole forehead between the eyes and extends beyond the bridge of the nose to the muzzle
What scale is used to body score horses, and which one is good?
1-5 and 3 Is good
What is the average body temperature of horse?
37.5
What is the average respiratory rate of a horse?
8-12
Whats the average heart rate of a horse?
28-44
Whats the puberty range in months of a horse?
12-24
Whats the gestation length of a horse?
336
What is controversial about racing horses at 2 years old?
Their growth plates haven’t fused yet
What is the environmental impact of horses on grassland? (4)
- Overgrazing
- high worm load
- destroying the ground
- waste bedding disposal
Name 4 common equine diseases
- Strangles
- Equine herpes virus
- Clostridium tetani
- Influenza
What parasites are a big issue in the equine industry? (3)
- Tapeworm
- Roundworm
- Lungworm
How can parasitic infections be controlled?
Antihelminths
What are the 4 major welfare concerns in the equine industry?
- Nutritional disease
- Muscular diseases
- obesity - lameness
- Gastric ulcers
What are most abnormal behaviours in horses due to?
Boredom
What is the social structure of horses?
1 alpha female in the herd, they rely on others for safety and need the reassurance of the dominant herd members
Do horses prefer to be with others or alone?
With others
What feed do horses really only need?
Forage which includes hay, haulage, and/or grass
What can insufficient forage cause in a horse?
Gastric ulcers
What materials can be used for bedding for horses? (4)
- Rubber matting
- Cardboard paper
- wood shavings
- straw
Define a colt
An entire male under 4 years
Define a Filly
A female under 4 years
Define a Stallion
An entire male
Define a Gelding
A neutered male
Define a Mare
A breeding female
Define a Yearling
An animal who has passed their first birthday (or passed their first January in thoroughbreds)
What are some of the danger areas of a horse? (4)
- Teeth
- Feet
- front end
- Back end
