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AHW > Bovine > Flashcards

Bovine Flashcards

1
Q

List 4 dangers associated with cattle?

A
  • Their head is big and heavy
  • They can kick forward and to the side
  • They can stand on your toes
  • They can squash you
  • zoonosis
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2
Q

How would you safely approach a cow? (4)

A
  • slowly
  • diagonally towards the shoulder
  • stand close
  • make contact
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3
Q

What methods could you use to safely restrain a cow? (6)

A
  • Head collar
  • Cast
  • kick bar
  • gate trap
  • nose
  • tail jack
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4
Q

How would you sex a calf from a distance?

A

What the animal urinate and see where the urine comes from, it will be closer to the anus in a female

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5
Q

Where is the best place to inject subcutaneously?

A

The neck

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6
Q

Where is the best place to inject intramuscularly?

A

In the neck within the triangle bound by the spine, nuchal ligament, and cranial border of scapula.

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7
Q

If the preferred sight for intramuscular injection is not accessible where else would you inject?

A

In the thigh in the semimembranous or semitendinous

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8
Q

What structures define the boundaries for an intramuscular injection in the rump?

A

sacrum, wing of ilium, ischium

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9
Q

List 4 general signs of ill health in a cow that you can spot from a distance?

A
  • Loss of body condition
  • Lameness
  • Scouring
  • rapid breathing
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10
Q

What peice of equipment can be used to keep a cows mouth open?

A

Drinkwater gag

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11
Q

What is the general appearance of a Simmental?

A

Varies from gold-red-white and can be one colour or patched over white. Usually has white bands over the shoulders and pigment around the eyes

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12
Q

What is the general appearance of a Guernsey?

A

Fawn or red and white colour

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13
Q

What is the general appearance of a Ayrshire?

A

White with patches of red or brown

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14
Q

What is the general appearance of an Aberdeen Angus?

A

Black

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15
Q

What is the general appearance of a Holstein?

A

Black and white

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16
Q

What is the general appearance of a Hereford?

A

Red with a white face and belly

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17
Q

What is the general appearance of a British friesian?

A

Black and white, smaller than holstein

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18
Q

What is the general appearance of a Charolais?

A

White with a pink muzzle and hooves

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19
Q

What is the general appearance of a Limousin?

A

Golden red colour which is lighter under the belly, face, and back end

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20
Q

What three important records can you usually find on a cattle farm?

A
  • Passport
  • Cattle movement records
  • Breeding records
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21
Q

What are the regulations regarding ear tags in cattle?

A

They must have a Defra approved yellow ear tag that has all compulsory details, and a second with compulsory details but it may contain other information

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22
Q

Other than ear tags what other means of identification are there for cattle? (3)

A
  • Eat tags
  • Passport
  • Breed
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23
Q

What are the principles of biosecurity?

A

A set of management practices implemented to reduce the potential for the introduction or spread of disease-causing agents

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24
Q

State some common zoonoses that can be caught from cattle (11)

A
  • Ringworm
  • Toxoplasmosis
  • Clamydia
  • orf
  • BSE
  • Rabies
  • tuberculosis
  • Toxocara
  • TB
  • Listeriosis
  • MRSA
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25
Q

What are some key points about farm etiquette? (4)

A
  • close gates
  • climb gates and the hinge end
  • Ask where to wash down
  • client confidentiality
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26
Q

What types of disinfectants are used on farms? (4)

A
  • alcohols
  • acids
  • alkalis
  • Halogens
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27
Q

State some common farm dangers (5)

A
  • boiling water on dairy farms
  • Machinery
  • quad bikes
  • crushes
  • animals
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28
Q

What is the main taxonomic breed of cattle in the UK?

A

Bos taurus

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29
Q

What is unique about the bod indices breed?

A

They are insect and heat resistant

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30
Q

Why to cows like to be milked at the same time?

A

They are creatures of habit that like routine

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31
Q

How should dairy cows be housed in summer?

A

Outside in the paddock

32
Q

How should dairy cows be housed in winter? (2)

A
  • Inside with cubicles, at least 1 per cow, comfortable size and bedding
  • And a large straw yard with deep straw
33
Q

What factors affect how much a dairy farmer is paid for milk? (4)

A
  • volume
  • nutritional content
  • season
  • antibiotic contamination
34
Q

Where do the UK lie in the order of highest to lowest number of dairy cows in the EU?

A

4th

35
Q

What are the 2 most common dairy cow breeds?

A

Holestein and freisian

36
Q

How long after calving will a dairy cow go to service?

A

3 months

37
Q

Around how long is a cows gestational period?

A

282d/9 months

38
Q

How long after calving will a cow be dried off?

A

10 months

39
Q

What is the basic structure of a milking cluster?

A

Composed of a claw piece, and 4 teat cups, each with a shell and a liner

40
Q

How would you prefer to start milking? (5)

A
  • Add predip first if used
  • Dry wipe each teat with a different paper towel or towel for each animal
  • foremilk to check for mastitis
  • attatch unit one teat at a time
  • lift claw to start vacuum
41
Q

What machine can be used to remove the milking equipment when the milking stops?

A

Autonomic cluster remover

42
Q

What machine can be useful to outline mastitis cases while being milked?

A

In line mastitis detecter

43
Q

How does a milking machine work? (5)

A
  • Vacum applied between liner and shell in short milk tube
  • Vaccum opened and milk flows
  • air flow applied between liner and shell to cause shell to collapse around teat
  • blood can now flow again
  • pulsator alternates between vacuums and air
44
Q

What condition can cows get if a vacuum is constantly applied to the teat without a rest period?

A

Hyperkeratosis

45
Q

After how old will a dairy heifer be serviced?

A

a year and a half

46
Q

How long should a calf be left with its mother for at least?

A

24 hours

47
Q

After how long should a calf be weaned?

A

5-10 weeks, when eating at least 0.6kg of feed

48
Q

Are the number of dairy farms in England increasing or decreasing?

A

Decreasing

49
Q

In the worlds top producing dairy countries, what place is the UK?

A

10

50
Q

Name 4 common beef breeds?

A

hereford, Aberdeen angus, charolais, Limousin

51
Q

What is a suckler cow?

A

A cow kept to give birth and rear calves and then eventually fattened for meat

52
Q

What is the common breed of suckler cow?

A

Usually cross breed of dairy and beef, one being hereford and fresion/holesetin

53
Q

When are beef caves weaned?

A

9-10 months

54
Q

What factors determine how much a farmer gets for a carcasse?

A
  • conformation
  • fatness
  • size
55
Q

How is confirmation assessed in a carcasse?

A

E,U,R,O,P (with U,O,P having plus or minus)

56
Q

How is fatness classified in beef?

A

1,2,3,4L,4H,5L,5H

57
Q

What is barley beef?

A

an intensive form of farming where animals are kept indoors and fed rolled barley with little protein and roughage. They are killed at about a year

58
Q

What are the key organisation involved in the cattle industry? (5)

A
  • BCVA
  • DEFRA
  • Breed societies
  • ADHB beef/lamb
  • ADHB dairy
59
Q

What are some common welfare problems in the cattle industry? (3)

A
  • Decreased veterinary involvement
  • Intesification
  • Reduced farm manpower
60
Q

Up to how long can you use rubber rings on calves for castration?

A

Within the first week

61
Q

What is a burdizzo?

A

A device that crushes the spermatic cord, a form of castration

62
Q

After what age must local anaesthetic be used to castrate a calve?

A

2 months

63
Q

After what age must local anaesthetic be used to remove supernumerary teats?

A

3 months

64
Q

What are some of the common issues in the cattle industry? (4)

A
  • TB
  • Environmental impact
  • antimicrobial use
  • Food security
65
Q

What are the legislations regarding identification of cattle?

A

All must contain 2 DEFRA approved tags with the CPH number

66
Q

Within how many hours does the first tag need to be applied to a diary calf?

A

36

67
Q

When must the second tag be applied to a diary calf?

A

within 20 days

68
Q

Within how many days must both tags be applied to a beef calve?

A

20

69
Q

What records is a farmer required to own/fill in? (4)

A
  • cattle register
  • medicine book
  • passport
  • British cattle movement service online
70
Q

What are the positive impacts of cattle farming? (3)

A
  • It helps maintain the rural environment
  • maintains grassland
  • maintains specific environments
71
Q

What are the negative impacts of cattle farming? (3

A
  • greenhouse gases
  • pollute water
  • poach land
72
Q

What is the normal temperature of a cow?

A

38.5

73
Q

What is the normal pulse rate of a cow?

A

60-80

74
Q

What Is the normal respiration rate of a cow?

A

25

75
Q

What are some of the common diseases and issues in the cattle industry? (7)

A
  • infertility
  • abortion
  • poor conception
  • endometritis
  • mastitis
  • lameness
  • calf scour
76
Q

What is digital dermatitis?

A

A bacterial infection of the skin behind the heel bulbs

77
Q

What does a herd health plan outline?

A

Diseases present on the farm and how to prevent them

AHW (10 decks)

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