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Animal Science > Equine > Flashcards

Equine Flashcards

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1
Q

Colic

A
  • pain associated with the digestive tract
  • may originate from or within any of the abdominal organs
  • one of the oldest horse disorders
  • considered most dangerous and costly
  • 900,000 horses annually
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2
Q

Mild to severe clinical signs of colic

A
  • abnormal manure
  • anorexia
  • recurrent flehmen response
  • yawning
  • flank watching
  • abnormal stance or expression
  • restlessness, repetitive episodes of lying down
  • pawing
  • kicking at flank rolling
  • sweating thrashing
  • self-trauma
  • recumbency depressed or comatose
  • increased heart rate
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3
Q

Mild Colic

A
  • mild signs and HR does not exceed 60bpm
  • usually, try giving Banamine and hand walking the horse
  • if the horse does not positively react then a vet should be called
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4
Q

Circulatory Collapse for colic

A
  • pulse will weaken
  • extremities will be cold
  • mucous membranes will become blue-dry and tack
  • increased sweating and thrashing- extreme cases
    • don’t want them to thrash
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5
Q

Small Intestine

A
  • most colic cases happen because of a compaction in the small intestine
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6
Q

compactions

A
  • bailing twine
  • sand
  • too much grain, not enough forage (cecum)
  • rocks
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7
Q

When is colic surgery an option?

A
  • least expensive colic surgergy
    • daytime uncomplicated
    • $2800
  • most complicated
    • may exceed $8000
  • Majority fall withing $3500-$5500
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8
Q

Steps to Avoid colic

A
  • feed correctly and only what he needs
    • avoid sudden changes
  • With grain, think small and often (0.3-0.5% of BW of grain)
  • Keep him moving
  • Get sand out of ration
  • control parasites and damage
    • use dewormers effectively
  • After exercise potentially limit water and feed
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9
Q

West Nile

A
  • mosquito born viral disease
  • birds serve as a host
  • fatal neurological outbreaks are documented
  • incubation period is 3-15 days in horses
  • recovery within 7 days
  • neurological signs
  • behavioral changes
  • colic, lameness, anorexia, fever
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10
Q

West Nile Vaccine

A
  • all vaccines carry a 1 yr immunity
  • must receive 2 boosters initially
  • all vaccines are killed except for Prevenile MLV (modified live)
  • Vaccinate in April (spring)
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11
Q

Strangles

A
  • highly infectious, sometimes fatal bacterial infection of the lymph nodes
  • Streptococcus zooepidemicous, S. equi
  • direct or indirect contact with the infectious discharge
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12
Q

Strangles Clinical signs

A
  • swollen underneath throat latch and behind the edge of the jaw
  • infection becomes and abscess, causes the nodes to swell
  • will rupture open and drain infectious pus, either externally or internally
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13
Q

Treatment for strangles

A
  • barn quarantine and biocontainment until the disease has run its course
  • abscess must be lanced and cleaned regularly
    *
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14
Q

Equine Infectious Anemia EIA

A
  • horseflies and deer fly bites in animals can carry blood in their mouth and can infect others
    • unsterile instruments
  • viral disease, infectious, and incurable
  • three phases
    • acute
    • chronic
    • inapparent
      *
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15
Q

Hot Zone for EIA

A
  • 90% of positive horses are located in Virginia
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16
Q

Coggins Test Positive

A
  • first retest the horse
  • euthanize
  • slaughter?
  • lifetime quarantine
    • keep the horse several hundred yards from any other horse
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17
Q

Donkey vs. Horse

chromosomes

A

Donkeys have 31 pairs of chromosomes

Horses have 32 pairs of chromosomes

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18
Q

genotype

A

genetic makeup, referring specifically to a particular trait

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19
Q

Alleles

A

alternative form of a gene

-example gene controlling straight or curly hair

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20
Q

Homozygous

A

two of the same alleles/genes

-WW or ww

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21
Q

Heterozygous

A

two different alleles

-Ww

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22
Q

Dominant Allele

A

expressed trait

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23
Q

Recessive Allele

A

unexpressed trait

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24
Q

Nonadditive gene action

A

control a trait, gene pairs not equally expressed (Ww)

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25
Q

Additive gene action

A

equal ability to be expressed (homozygous WW or ww)

26
Q
  1. What is the number 1 most important thing when evaluating a horse’s conformation?
A
  1. Balance­­­­
27
Q
  1. Which of the following is not a proper step to avoid colic?
A
  1. Water immediately after exercise
28
Q
  1. The __________ where the first nomatic horsemen and where the 1st to record gelding horses.
A
  1. Scythians
29
Q
  1. True or False: A bay diluted with C becomes a buckskin.
A
  1. True
30
Q
  1. True or False: The A gene controls distribution of black hair.
A
  1. True
31
Q
  1. True or False: If a horse tests positive on a Coggins then that horse has west nile virus
A
  1. False
32
Q
  1. True or False: There is no vaccine to prevent EIA.
A
  1. True
33
Q
  1. True or False: Horses were domesticated before donkeys
A
  1. False
34
Q
  1. True or False: Mules have decreased nutritional needs compared to horses.
A
  1. True
35
Q
  1. True or False: Horse population dropped dramatically in 30% due to a growth in slaughter plants
A
  1. False
36
Q
  1. True or False: Horses can vomit.
A
  1. False
37
Q
  1. True or False: Mules have a donkey sire and a horse dam
A
  1. True
38
Q
  1. True or False: All mules are not sterile.
A
  1. True
39
Q
  1. True or False: The D gene controls tobiano spotting
A
  1. False
40
Q
  1. True or False: A horse that is homozygous dominant for the whitening gene will be considered lethal white or lethal foal
A
  1. True
41
Q
  1. True or False: If a horse has strangles it is important that you quarantine your horse and do not open or drain abscess
A
  1. False
42
Q
  1. Laminitis is a disease that will cause the ____________.
A
  1. Coffin bone to rotate
43
Q
  1. Which gene is responsible for the presence of black hair?
A
  1. A allele
44
Q
  1. The frog is the triangular structure in the horses hoof. It’s purpose is to provide__________.
A
  1. Circulation
45
Q
  1. The C allele represents the _____________ gene.
A
  1. Pigment dilution
46
Q
  1. What is the ideal capillary refill time?
A
  1. 1-2 seconds
47
Q
  1. _________ is the most common use of horses in the US.
A
  1. Recreation
48
Q
  1. The _____________ was the first grazing horse and lived in herds
A
  1. Merychippus
49
Q
  1. The ______________ was the first one-toed animal and had teeth and limbs similar to the present horse
A
  1. Pliohippus
50
Q

What is the genetic makeup for sorrel horses.

A
  1. ww,gg,ee,aa
51
Q
  1. The top 4 horse states in the US include________.
A
  1. Texas
  2. California
  3. Oklahoma
  4. Kentucky
52
Q
  1. Which horse has the more masculine head, therefore being more ideal in sex characteristics for stallions?
A

muscley palomino

53
Q
  1. The oldest living species of horses is the ___________?
A
  1. Przewalski
54
Q
  1. ____________ is highly infectious, and sometime fatal bacterial infection of the lymph nodes.
A
  1. Strangles
55
Q

Which of the following traits is a qualitative trait?

A
  1. Color
56
Q
  1. Laminitis is a disease that will cause the ___________.
A
  1. Coffin bone to rotate
57
Q
  1. Which gene is responsible for the presence of black hair?
A
  1. E allele
58
Q
  1. The ___________ was the first horse. It was the size of a small dog and had functional toes.
A
  1. Eohippus
59
Q
  1. Where is the best place to evaluate muscling on a horse?
A
  1. Forearm
60
Q
  1. Only __________ of the world horse population is in the U.S.
A
  1. 16%
61
Q
  1. Which allele will result in red hair?
A
  1. e allele

Animal Science (5 decks)

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