Equine Flashcards
1
Q
Colic
A
- pain associated with the digestive tract
- may originate from or within any of the abdominal organs
- one of the oldest horse disorders
- considered most dangerous and costly
- 900,000 horses annually
2
Q
Mild to severe clinical signs of colic
A
- abnormal manure
- anorexia
- recurrent flehmen response
- yawning
- flank watching
- abnormal stance or expression
- restlessness, repetitive episodes of lying down
- pawing
- kicking at flank rolling
- sweating thrashing
- self-trauma
- recumbency depressed or comatose
- increased heart rate
3
Q
Mild Colic
A
- mild signs and HR does not exceed 60bpm
- usually, try giving Banamine and hand walking the horse
- if the horse does not positively react then a vet should be called
4
Q
Circulatory Collapse for colic
A
- pulse will weaken
- extremities will be cold
- mucous membranes will become blue-dry and tack
- increased sweating and thrashing- extreme cases
- don’t want them to thrash
5
Q
Small Intestine
A
- most colic cases happen because of a compaction in the small intestine
6
Q
compactions
A
- bailing twine
- sand
- too much grain, not enough forage (cecum)
- rocks
7
Q
When is colic surgery an option?
A
- least expensive colic surgergy
- daytime uncomplicated
- $2800
- most complicated
- may exceed $8000
- Majority fall withing $3500-$5500
8
Q
Steps to Avoid colic
A
- feed correctly and only what he needs
- avoid sudden changes
- With grain, think small and often (0.3-0.5% of BW of grain)
- Keep him moving
- Get sand out of ration
- control parasites and damage
- use dewormers effectively
- After exercise potentially limit water and feed
9
Q
West Nile
A
- mosquito born viral disease
- birds serve as a host
- fatal neurological outbreaks are documented
- incubation period is 3-15 days in horses
- recovery within 7 days
- neurological signs
- behavioral changes
- colic, lameness, anorexia, fever
10
Q
West Nile Vaccine
A
- all vaccines carry a 1 yr immunity
- must receive 2 boosters initially
- all vaccines are killed except for Prevenile MLV (modified live)
- Vaccinate in April (spring)
11
Q
Strangles
A
- highly infectious, sometimes fatal bacterial infection of the lymph nodes
- Streptococcus zooepidemicous, S. equi
- direct or indirect contact with the infectious discharge
12
Q
Strangles Clinical signs
A
- swollen underneath throat latch and behind the edge of the jaw
- infection becomes and abscess, causes the nodes to swell
- will rupture open and drain infectious pus, either externally or internally
13
Q
Treatment for strangles
A
- barn quarantine and biocontainment until the disease has run its course
- abscess must be lanced and cleaned regularly
*
14
Q
Equine Infectious Anemia EIA
A
- horseflies and deer fly bites in animals can carry blood in their mouth and can infect others
- unsterile instruments
- viral disease, infectious, and incurable
- three phases
- acute
- chronic
- inapparent
*
15
Q
Hot Zone for EIA
A
- 90% of positive horses are located in Virginia
16
Q
Coggins Test Positive
A
- first retest the horse
- euthanize
- slaughter?
- lifetime quarantine
- keep the horse several hundred yards from any other horse
17
Q
Donkey vs. Horse
chromosomes
A
Donkeys have 31 pairs of chromosomes
Horses have 32 pairs of chromosomes
18
Q
genotype
A
genetic makeup, referring specifically to a particular trait
19
Q
Alleles
A
alternative form of a gene
-example gene controlling straight or curly hair
20
Q
Homozygous
A
two of the same alleles/genes
-WW or ww
21
Q
Heterozygous
A
two different alleles
-Ww
22
Q
Dominant Allele
A
expressed trait
23
Q
Recessive Allele
A
unexpressed trait
24
Q
Nonadditive gene action
A
control a trait, gene pairs not equally expressed (Ww)
25
Q
Additive gene action
A
equal ability to be expressed (homozygous WW or ww)
26
Q
- What is the number 1 most important thing when evaluating a horse’s conformation?
A
- Balance
27
Q
- Which of the following is not a proper step to avoid colic?
A
- Water immediately after exercise
28
Q
- The __________ where the first nomatic horsemen and where the 1st to record gelding horses.
A
- Scythians
29
Q
- True or False: A bay diluted with C becomes a buckskin.
A
- True
30
Q
- True or False: The A gene controls distribution of black hair.
A
- True
31
Q
- True or False: If a horse tests positive on a Coggins then that horse has west nile virus
A
- False
32
Q
- True or False: There is no vaccine to prevent EIA.
A
- True
33
Q
- True or False: Horses were domesticated before donkeys
A
- False
34
Q
- True or False: Mules have decreased nutritional needs compared to horses.
A
- True
35
Q
- True or False: Horse population dropped dramatically in 30% due to a growth in slaughter plants
A
- False
36
Q
- True or False: Horses can vomit.
A
- False
37
Q
- True or False: Mules have a donkey sire and a horse dam
A
- True
38
Q
- True or False: All mules are not sterile.
A
- True
39
Q
- True or False: The D gene controls tobiano spotting
A
- False
40
Q
- True or False: A horse that is homozygous dominant for the whitening gene will be considered lethal white or lethal foal
A
- True
41
Q
- True or False: If a horse has strangles it is important that you quarantine your horse and do not open or drain abscess
A
- False
42
Q
- Laminitis is a disease that will cause the ____________.
A
- Coffin bone to rotate
43
Q
- Which gene is responsible for the presence of black hair?
A
- A allele
44
Q
- The frog is the triangular structure in the horses hoof. It’s purpose is to provide__________.
A
- Circulation
45
Q
- The C allele represents the _____________ gene.
A
- Pigment dilution
46
Q
- What is the ideal capillary refill time?
A
- 1-2 seconds
47
Q
- _________ is the most common use of horses in the US.
A
- Recreation
48
Q
- The _____________ was the first grazing horse and lived in herds
A
- Merychippus
49
Q
- The ______________ was the first one-toed animal and had teeth and limbs similar to the present horse
A
- Pliohippus
50
Q
What is the genetic makeup for sorrel horses.
A
- ww,gg,ee,aa
51
Q
- The top 4 horse states in the US include________.
A
- Texas
- California
- Oklahoma
- Kentucky
52
Q
- Which horse has the more masculine head, therefore being more ideal in sex characteristics for stallions?
A
muscley palomino
53
Q
- The oldest living species of horses is the ___________?
A
- Przewalski
54
Q
- ____________ is highly infectious, and sometime fatal bacterial infection of the lymph nodes.
A
- Strangles
55
Q
Which of the following traits is a qualitative trait?
A
- Color
56
Q
- Laminitis is a disease that will cause the ___________.
A
- Coffin bone to rotate
57
Q
- Which gene is responsible for the presence of black hair?
A
- E allele
58
Q
- The ___________ was the first horse. It was the size of a small dog and had functional toes.
A
- Eohippus
59
Q
- Where is the best place to evaluate muscling on a horse?
A
- Forearm
60
Q
- Only __________ of the world horse population is in the U.S.
A
- 16%
61
Q
- Which allele will result in red hair?
A
- e allele
