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Animal Science > Breeding And Disease Exam > Flashcards

Breeding And Disease Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

Non-infectious diseases

A
  1. Physical, incl. traumatic
  2. Metabolic/ nutritional
  3. Neoplastic
  4. Genetic
  5. Toxic
  6. Immune-mediated
  7. Iatrogenic
  8. Age-related
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2
Q

Infectious diseases

A
  1. Infectious proteins
  2. Viruses
  3. Bacteria
  4. Fungi
  5. Protozoa
  6. Metazoan parasites
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3
Q

An infectious agent can be bad when i has one or more of these properties

A
  1. Multiple strains
  2. High morbidity
  3. Aerosol-spread
  4. Insect-spread
  5. Feed-spread
  6. More than one domestic species affected
  7. Circulates in wildlife
  8. Infects people
  9. Hardy in environment
  10. Trans-placental and infects fetuses
  11. Mutable
  12. Wind-borne
  13. Carrier state after clinical recovery
  14. OIE reportable (trade barrier)
  15. Subclinical infection
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4
Q

Hardware disease

A
  1. Traumatic reticuloperitonitis
  2. Metal on pastures
  3. Physical, infectious, iatrogenic
  4. Surgery to remove wire, antibiotics, magnets
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5
Q

Potomac Horse Fever

A
  1. Neorickettsia risticii
  2. infectious, but non-contagious
  3. Avoid rivers where disease endemic in previous years, vaccines, specific antibiotics
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6
Q

PEP

A

Post-exposure prophylaxis

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7
Q

Rabies What might you want to know? Where is that information?

A

If i get rabies can i be treated successfully?
What types of rabies exist?
Do local rabies strains pose risk to me and my livestock?
What will make me suspect livestock have rabies?
Can I get it from livestock? If so how?
Can I be protected through vaccination?
Who tests for rabies and how much does it cost?
Do vaccines work for wildlife?
What will make me suspect local wildlife have rabies?
Can disease be confirmed before mammals/humans die?

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8
Q

Disease Control

A

Depends on understanding the driving ecological factors for each disease, and which combination of biosecurity, genetic selection and vaccines makes most economical and biological sense.

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9
Q

Where to find reliable, current information

A 
Human Diseases:
CDC website
WDH web site and press releasesLocal MCP’s
Animal Diseases:
State vet/WLSB and press release
USDA
Peer-reviewed papers
Texts
Selected web sites
Local veterinarians
Regional d-laboratory personnel
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10
Q

Sheep Diseases

A

Perinatal diseases/ FPT

Ewe infertility and abortion

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11
Q

Horses

A

Perinatal diseases/ FPT
Colic
Neurological Diseases
Exercise-associated

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12
Q

Wildlife

A

Brucellosis

CWD

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13
Q

Cattle

A 
Calves: perinatal diseases/FPT
Cows/Heifers: Infertility and abortion
Bulls: reproductive soundness
Intoxication
Brucellosis
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14
Q

Zoonotic

A

A disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans

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15
Q

Colic

A
  1. Abdominal pain, usually pain from intestines
  2. Horses unusually prone to impactions and anatomical displacements of gut, relative to other species
  3. Some infections: salmonellosis; PHF
  4. Varies from mild-life threatening
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16
Q

Strangles

A
  1. Highly contagious
  2. Fever+ lymph node swelling
  3. Isolate horses with swollen nodes:
    No antibiotics unless a) recognize before abscesses form or b) before horse clearly ill
  4. Monitor other horses (rectal temperature)
  5. Multiple (typically 3x) PCR tests to establish horse free of infection
  6. Vaccination choices
  7. DD. From S. Zooepidemicus
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17
Q

Vibrio

A

Bacterial
Has a vaccine
Has an antibiotic

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18
Q

Chlamydia

A

Bacterial
Has a vaccine
Has an antibiotic

19
Q

Q Fever

A

Bacterial
Has no vaccine
May have an antibiotic

20
Q

Rabbit Fever

A

Bacterial
Has no vaccine
Does have an antibiotic

21
Q

Toxoplasmosis

A

Protozoal
No vaccine
No antibiotic (ionophores)

22
Q

Border Disease

A

Viral
No vaccine
No antibiotics

23
Q

FPT

A

Failure of Passive Transfer

  1. pneumonia, enteritis (scours), septicemia
  2. About 15% of beef calves
  3. Illness in the first 28 days
  4. Death from birth weaning
24
Q

Scours at 0-3 weeks

A

Viral Diarrheas
E. Coli
Cryptosporidiosis

25
Q

Scours at 3-weaning

A

PGE
Coccidiosis
Salmonellosis
Purplegut

26
Q

Scours from weaning to adulthood

A

Johne’s Disease

27
Q

Dealing with calf scours

A

Vaccinate the dam for viral diarrhea

28
Q

Brisket disease

A

Polygenic trait
Right-sided heart failure
Altitude relates >7,000 ft
Control: PAP test bulls, cull bulls with high PAP

29
Q

Brucellosis in cattle

A

B. Abortus

  1. Esp. Late term abortion and retained placentas
  2. Zoonotic
  3. 1934: about 11.5% all US cattle; 2007: 0.0001% all US herds
  4. Persistence in GYA elk and bison
30
Q

Anticipating risk for your livestock

A
  1. Anytime animals are concentrated
  2. Anytime animals highly stressed
  3. Birth/first 2 weeks of neonatal life
  4. Weaning
  5. Buying in or in-contact with other herds
  6. Communal grazing
  7. Wildlife
31
Q

Basic concepts

A
  1. Here immunity
  2. Infectious vs. non-infectious disease
  3. Contagious
  4. Infection is not disease
  5. Disease resistance: innate resistance; immune resistance
  6. Disease reservoirs
  7. Clinical vs. Subclinical
32
Q

Visible to Invisible Disease

A

10:1 ratio

33
Q

Active immunity

A

Vaccination

34
Q

Passive immunity

A

Vaccinating dams

35
Q

Tools to CYA

A
  1. What you know
  2. Adequate nutrition
  3. Biosecurity/bio containment
  4. Vaccines
  5. Antibiotics
  6. Disinfectants
  7. Anthelmintics
36
Q

Biosecurity

A

Minimizing introduction of pathogens, deleterious genes, or toxins into herd or flock

37
Q

Quarantine

A

40 days
Effective: short IP + obvious clinical signs in carriers (acute respiratory disease, acute diarrheal diseases, unthrifty animals)
Ineffective: carrier disease states (=carriers that appear healthy), infectious agents in normal animals

38
Q

Vaccines

A

Active immunity long lasting

39
Q

Immunoglobulin

A

Passive immunity, short duration, expensive

40
Q

Anamnestic

A

Immune system “remembers” exposure to agent in vaccine

41
Q

Do not assume protection until after…

A

2 weeks after 2nd shot of initial vaccine

42
Q

Enrofloxacin

A 
Broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone
Bacteriocidal
Not viruses, not parasites
Single high dose or multiple day
S/C administration
Don’t exceed 20 ml
43
Q

Disinfectants

A

Inactivate harmful infectious agents
Dependent on:
Type of organism (spores vs bacterial vs. viral)
Organic material (dirt, manure, milk, pus)
Appropriate contact time
Sufficient concentration
* LABELED effectiveness against target agent *

Animal Science (5 decks)

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