Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

E&E Exam 3 > Equine > Flashcards

Equine Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary hydrolase from birth to 3 months in foals that digests lactose to glucose and galactose?

A

Lactase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Gastric emptying is normally slower or faster in foals to facilitate digestion of milk?

A

Slower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What segment of the foal’s gut experiences rapid growth when the foal is 1-4 weeks of age?

A

Small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does an increase in time foraging correlate with?

A

Increase of length of hindgut (cecum and colon)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What percentage of time does a 10-month-old foal spend grazing?

A

At least 60%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What segments of the GI tract facilitate fiber digestion?

A

Cecum and large colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

In adult horses with diarrhea, what part of the GI tract is compromised?

A

Large intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How can you test dehydration status in foals vs. adult horses?

A

Foals - mucous membrane moisture
Adults - skin tent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are 2 reasons why PCV may be elevated?

A

Dehydration and/or splenic contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why is it important to measure total protein prior to rehydration?

A

Replacement fluid therapy will decrease total protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What changes in a horse with diarrhea are seen on bloodwork that suggest endotoxemia?

A

Leukopenia, neutropenia, left shift, and toxic changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

T/F: Not finding sand in the hanging glove test rules out sand impaction

A

F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the equation used to calculate maintenance fluid needs in a horse?

A

40-60ml/kg/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do you calculate the amount of fluid a horse loses due to ongoing losses?

A

Estimate based on observation multiplied by 1.5-2x

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How should maintenance and on-going losses of fluids be delivered?

A

Continuous delivery at a constant rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How is the replacement volume of fluid determined?

A

Based on percent dehydrated x kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When should replacement fluids be administered during rehydration?

A

Deliver in first 6-12 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

If the horse is not refluxing, what route can be used for fluid delivery?

A

Enteral route

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When using plasma (colloid) to maintain oncotic pressure, if you wanted to raise protein concentration 1g/dL in a 500kg horse, how many liters of commercial plasma would that horse require?

A

4-5L

20
Q

What is the recommended dose of hetastarch?

A

5-10ml/kg IV

21
Q

If hetastarch has been used as the colloid replacement, will the TP concentration increase or decrease after the hetastarch has been delivered?

A

Decreased, but it won’t be measured on refractometer

22
Q

Give 2 examples of electrolytes that can be supplemented in water made available to affected horses.

A

Bicarbonate and potassium

23
Q

What should always be available to a horse with diarrhea, even if there are buckets of electrolyte water available?

A

Free choice fresh water

24
Q

What is the antibiotic of choice for treating Potomac Horse Fever?

A

Oxytetracycline

25
Q

What pathogen causes Potomac horse fever?

A

Neorickettsia risticii

26
Q

What is the name of the product that can be administered to a horse with diarrhea that will bind toxins in the gut?

A

Biosponge

27
Q

What does Biosponge contain that allows it to bind toxins?

A

Di-Tri-Octahedral smectite

28
Q

What is considered the most effective treatment for laminitis prevention in horses?

A

Ice boots

29
Q

What NSAID is often administered to a horse with GI disease to reduce the inflammatory events associated with endotoxemia?

A

Flunixin meglumine (aka Banamine)

30
Q

Potomac Horse Fever is an infectious cause of diarrhea in weanlings and adult horses. Can it be transmitted through direct contact from horse to horse?

A

No

31
Q

What diagnostic test can be used for most infectious causes of diarrhea?

A

Adult fecal PCR

32
Q

What stain should be used when looking for Neorickettsia risticii?

A

Romanowsky’s stain

33
Q

What is the best recommendation to a farmer for preventing Potomac Horse Fever?

A

Vaccination

34
Q

Does the PHF vaccine fully protect horses against disease?

A

No, but it does lessen the severity of disease

35
Q

What part of the GI tract is most susceptible to ulceration from NSAID use?

A

Right dorsal colon

36
Q

T/F: Normal right dorsal colon thickness does not rule out NSAID toxicity.

A

T

37
Q

What is your diet recommendation for a horse with NSAID toxicity?

A

High fiber diet that is low bulk

38
Q

What do blister beetles produce and where is it most commonly found?

A

Produce cantharidin; most common in alfalfa hay that is second or third-cutting

39
Q

In addition to diarrhea caused by severe ulceration of mucosa, what other organ system can be damaged by blister beetles?

A

Cardiac system - cardiac arrhythmias

40
Q

How do most horses with sand colic present?

A

Chronic diarrhea or low grade colic

41
Q

What can you feed to horses with sand colic that will trap sand and eliminate it?

A

Psyllium

42
Q

Where do foals tend to develop edema first?

A

In the shoulder area

43
Q

Foal heat usually occurs during the mare’s first or second heat cycle post-parturition. What is the treatment?

A

Usually resolves without treatment

44
Q

What can be done to prevent parasitic causes of diarrhea in foals? 2 answers.

A

Deworm mare prior to parturition and start deworming foal at 6 weeks

45
Q

What is the name of the virus causing mild to severe diarrhea in foals 1 week to 2 months of age that has high morbidity but low mortality?

A

Rotavirus

46
Q

Is rotavirus contagious?

A

Very!

E&E Exam 3 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions