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Physio > Equilibrium, AP, Synapses > Flashcards

Equilibrium, AP, Synapses Flashcards

1
Q

Homeostatic control has 3 components:

A

receptor, control center, effector

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2
Q

what kind of solutes easily pass thru membrane

A

small hydrophobic

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3
Q

hydrophilic solutes must cross membrane thru:

A

channels or pores

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4
Q

conductance

A

permeability, depends on probability gate is open

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5
Q

diffusion potential

A

generated by diffusion of ions

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6
Q

equilibrium potential

A

diffusion potential that balances tendency for diffusion down [ ] grad

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7
Q

electrochemical equilibrium

A

chemical and electrical driving forces on ion are equal and opposite

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8
Q

membrane potential

A

intracellular potential relative to extracellular

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9
Q

nernst equation will

A

convert a [ ] difference for ion into voltage

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10
Q

inside of a cell is more +/- ?

A

-

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11
Q

driving force

A

what is the charge separation (mem pot) at rest? and where would they like to be if allowed to flow freely?

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12
Q

ionic current

A

movement of ions across membrane

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13
Q

ions move thru channels when: (2)

A

1) ion has a driving force
2) membrane has conductance (channels open)

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14
Q

resting membrane potential

A

about -70 mV

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15
Q

which are excitable cells

A

nerve and muscle

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16
Q

depolarization

A

process of making mem pot more positive

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17
Q

hyperpolarization

A

process of making mem pot more negative

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18
Q

inward current

A

flow of (+) charges into cell

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19
Q

outward current

A

flow of (+) charge out of cell

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20
Q

does inward current depol or hyperpol the cell?

A

depolarize

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21
Q

does outward current depol or hyperpol the cell?

A

hyperpolarizes

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22
Q

threshold potential

A

mem pot where an action potential is inevitable

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23
Q

value of threshold potential

A

-55 mV

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24
Q

overshoot

A

portion of AP where mem pot is (+)… goes above where it needs to

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25
Q

undershoot (hyperpolarizing afterpotential)

A

portion of AP where mem pot is more(-) than at rest

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26
Q

refractory period

A

period where another AP cannot occur, absolute or relative… ions are in wrong places

27
Q

lidocaine blocks…

A

Na+ channels, no AP…no sensation

28
Q

at rest, activation gate is (open/closed) and inactivation gate is (open/closed)

A

idk help

29
Q

absolute refractory period

A

entire duration of AP, another AP cannot occur, VG Na channel inactivation gate is closed

30
Q

relative refractory period

A

overlaps w period of hyperpol, begins at end of absolute RP, AP can be generated only by a greater than usual depol current

31
Q

accomodation

A

depolarization occurs too slowly for AP, Na inact gate stay closed, not enough open Na channels

32
Q

axon is (good/poor) conductor of charge?

A

poor, is leaky to ions… AP continuously regenerated

33
Q

conduction velocity is increased by (2)

A

1) incr nerve diameter
2) myelination

34
Q

myelin is composed of

A

schwann cells

35
Q

bare patches on the axon

A

nodes of ranvier, have ion channels

36
Q

saltatory conduction

A

AP jumps from node to node

37
Q

what ion is mediator of synaptic release

A

Ca2+

38
Q

what kind of receptor do neurotransmitters often bind to on postsynaptic cell

A

chemically gated ion channels

39
Q

what facilitates reuptake of NT

A

astrocytes or axon terminals

40
Q

what facilitates degradation of NT

A

enzymes

41
Q

ACh formed from

A

acetyl CoA and choline via enzyme choline acetyltransferase

42
Q

types of synaptic arrangements (3)

A

one-to-one
one-to-many (uncommon)
many-to-one (common in brain)

43
Q

synaptic fatigue

A

repeated stimulation causes smaller than normal response in postsynaptic cell, depletion of NT storage

44
Q

only NT released at neuromuscular junction

A

Ach

45
Q

choline acetyltransferase

A

combines choline + acetyltransferase = Ach

46
Q

acetylcholinesterase

A

degrades Ach

47
Q

dopamine beta-hydroxylase

A

converts dopamine into norepi

48
Q

(PMNT) phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase

A

converts norepi into epi

49
Q

catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT)

A

degrades biogenic amines

50
Q

monoamine oxidase (MAO)

A

degrades biogenic amines

51
Q

COMT and MAO

A

common targets for behavioral meds

52
Q

where can histamine be found

A

neurons of hypothalamus and mast cells

53
Q

4 subtypes of glutamate

A

3- ionotropic (ligand-gated ion chan)… NMDA receptor
1- metabotropic (G-protein coupled chan)

54
Q

GABA A receptor

A

ionotropic, directly linked to Cl- channel… hyperpolarizes
targetted by benzos and barbiturates

55
Q

GABA B receptor

A

metabotropic and coupled via G protein to K+ channel… hyperpolarizes
huntington disease

56
Q

only NT that is a gas

A

nitric oxide

57
Q

neuropeptides may function as

A

neuromodulator, neurohormone, neurotransmitter

58
Q

2 methods of release of neuromodulators

A

a) co-secreted w NT
b) volume-transmission

59
Q

purines

A

ATP and adenosine

60
Q

ion channels

A

permit selective flow of ions across impermeable membranes

61
Q

ionic disequilibrium

A

creates potential energy across membranes

62
Q

synapses

A

spaces between 2 cells that allow for regulated release of substances to elicit physiologic response

63
Q

neurotransmitters

A

diverse group of chemicals that act as chemical messengers… can stimulate APs (excitatory) or inhibit APs (inhibitory)

64
Q
A

Physio (4 decks)

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