Autonomic NS

Question 1

ANS is a division of CNS/PNS?

Answer 1

PNS

Question 2

3 divisions of ANS

Answer 2

parasympathetic, sympathetic, enteric

Question 3

somatic NS consists of

Answer 3

single motor neuron and the skeletal muscle fiber it innervates

Question 4

cell bodies of somatic cells are found

Answer 4

in brain stem or spinal cord

Question 5

presynaptic terminals release _____

Answer 5

Ach

Question 6

efferent synapses are found…

Answer 6

on skeletal muscle (effector organ)

Question 7

where are sympathetic chain ganglia

Answer 7

ventral and lateral to spinal cord from cervical to coccyx

Question 8

are white or grey ramus communicans myelinated?

Answer 8

white; FAST

Question 9

ramus communicans

Answer 9

connections from spinal cord TO ganglia then OUT to periphery

Question 10

ALL preganglionic sympathetic neurons travel through _______

Answer 10

white ramus communicans

Question 11

is input or output myelinated to sympathetic chain ganglia?

Answer 11

input; white ramus communicans

Question 12

where are prevertebral ganglia located

Answer 12

in front of vertebral column near the organs they innervate

Question 13

where would the preganglionic sympathetic neurons for organs in the thorax be located?

Answer 13

upper thoracic spinal cord

Question 14

what ganglia are the largest in the ANS?

Answer 14

the 2 celiac ganglia

Question 15

branches of prevertebral ganglia

Answer 15

celiac, aortia-renal, superior and inferior mesenteric ganglia

Question 16

prevertebral ganglia are associated with what general functions

Answer 16

control organs in abdominal cavity, are part of enteric NS

Question 17

another word for presynaptic

Answer 17

preganglionic

Question 18

adrenal medulla is a mixture of…

Answer 18

endocrine organ and sympathetic ganglia (preganglionic)

Question 19

1 ganglia in body that does not follow normal pattern

Answer 19

adrenal medulla; its part endocrine organ

Question 20

are pre/postganglionic neurons cholinergic/adrenergic

Answer 20

preganglionic: cholinergic
postganglionic: adrenergic

Question 21

cholinergic neurons release_____ which binds to _____

Answer 21

Ach; nicotinic receptors

Question 22

adrenergic neurons release _______ which binds to ______

Answer 22

norepi; adrenergic

Question 23

4 types of adrenergic receptors

Answer 23

a1, a2, b1, b2

Question 24

1 exception to adrenergic neurons

Answer 24

when targeting sweat glands, Ach binds to muscarinic receptors on gland

Question 25

neuroeffector junctions

Answer 25

synapse between nerve/target tissues where postganglionic motor neuron releases NT

Question 26

varicosities are a reason for _____ precision but _____ speed

Answer 26

less precision; more speed

Question 27

varicosities

Answer 27

branching at axons that allows for incr surface area for NT release; coordinate contraction

Question 28

sympathetic NS gross responses on body

Answer 28

incr HR, ventilation, BG; decr GI motility, direction of blood away from skin and splanchnic directed to sk musc

Question 29

what structure sets the sympathetic tone of body

Answer 29

adrenal medulla

Question 30

adrenal medulla synapses on______, releasing ______, activating release of _________

Answer 30

chromaffin cells, release ACh, nicotinic receptors activate and release epi/norepi

Question 31

epi/norepi release ratio?

Answer 31

epi 80% norepi 20%

Question 32

what enzyme converts norepi->epi

Answer 32

PMNT (phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase)

Question 33

ganglia of parasympathetic NS are located near

Answer 33

or on target organs

Question 34

parasympathetic neurons originate from

Answer 34

cervical and sacral regions (CNs and S2-S4)

Question 35

nicotinic receptors are really...

Answer 35

ligand-gated Na channels

Question 36

how do the symp/parasymp work together in saliva secretion?

Answer 36

parasymp: incr aqueous component symp: incr enzymatic component

Question 37

pacemaker of heart? symp/parasymp stimulus?

Answer 37

SA node symp: incr HR parasymp: decr HR

Question 38

what role do baroreceptors play in SA node signals

Answer 38

they detect BP, send to vasomotor center of brainstem; parasymp/symp regulate HR

Question 39

micturition

Answer 39

emptying bladder; external sphincter is skeletal muscle (voluntary)

Question 40

micturition reflex

Answer 40

sense of bladder being full= ANS control

Question 41

what 2 parts of bladder are under symp control during filling

Answer 41

detrusor muscle (wall of bladder) relaxing, constriction of internal sphincter

Question 42

when bladder is empty/full does parasympathetic control dominate?

Answer 42

full; sensed by mechanoreceptors->spinal cord->brainstem->contract detrusor, relax internal sphincter

Question 43

regions of the brain regulating ANS

Answer 43

hypothalamus and brainstem

Question 44

brainstem centers are responsible for

Answer 44

temp regulation, thirst and food intake, micturition, breathing, vasomotor, swallow, cough, vomit

Question 45

ultimate outcome of alpha1 activation

Answer 45

release of Ca2+

Question 46

tissues with activated B1 receptors results in _______ or ______

Answer 46

increase or contraction

Question 47

tissues with activated B2 receptors will result in ______ or ______

Answer 47

relaxation or dilation

Question 48

an increase in intracellular cAMP will either stimulate ______ or _______

Answer 48

increase contractility OR smooth muscle relaxation

Question 49

which receptor is responsible for incr HR, cardiac output, and BP

Answer 49

B1

Question 50

which receptor is responsible for redistribution of blood away from skin, kidneys, and splanchnic region towards sk muscle

Answer 50

B2

Question 51

which receptor is responsible for incr ventilation, dilation of airways

Answer 51

B2

Question 52

which receptor is responsible for decreased gastrointestinal motility and secretions

Answer 52

B2

Question 53

which receptor is responsible for increased blood glucose concentration

Answer 53

a1

Question 54

is NE or Epi more dominant over a1 receptors

Answer 54

NE

Question 55

is NE or epi more dominant over a2 receptors

Answer 55

epi slightly

Question 56

adrenal medulla dominates _____ receptors

Answer 56

a2

Question 57

is epi or norepi more dominant over B1 receptors?

Answer 57

they are equal

Question 58

is epi or norepi more dominant over B2 receptors?

Answer 58

epi!!!

Question 59

Ach receptors are __________ and __________

Answer 59

integral membrane protein; ion channel for Na/K

Question 60

M2 receptors make it more difficult for cells to reach _______

Answer 60

threshold

Question 61

agonists _________ a receptor

Answer 61

stimulate

Question 62

antagonists _________ a receptor

Answer 62

inhibit

Question 63

what does B1 activation do to HR

Answer 63

increase

Question 64

what would propanolol (antagonist) do on B1 to HR

Answer 64

decrease HR

Question 65

what does the parasymp NS via M2 receptors do to HR

Answer 65

slows

Question 66

what would atropine (antagonist) do on M2 receptors to HR

Answer 66

incr HR