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Physio > Autonomic NS > Flashcards

Autonomic NS Flashcards

1
Q

ANS is a division of CNS/PNS?

A

PNS

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2
Q

3 divisions of ANS

A

parasympathetic, sympathetic, enteric

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3
Q

somatic NS consists of

A

single motor neuron and the skeletal muscle fiber it innervates

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4
Q

cell bodies of somatic cells are found

A

in brain stem or spinal cord

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5
Q

presynaptic terminals release _____

A

Ach

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6
Q

efferent synapses are found…

A

on skeletal muscle (effector organ)

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7
Q

where are sympathetic chain ganglia

A

ventral and lateral to spinal cord from cervical to coccyx

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8
Q

are white or grey ramus communicans myelinated?

A

white; FAST

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9
Q

ramus communicans

A

connections from spinal cord TO ganglia then OUT to periphery

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10
Q

ALL preganglionic sympathetic neurons travel through _______

A

white ramus communicans

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11
Q

is input or output myelinated to sympathetic chain ganglia?

A

input; white ramus communicans

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12
Q

where are prevertebral ganglia located

A

in front of vertebral column near the organs they innervate

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13
Q

where would the preganglionic sympathetic neurons for organs in the thorax be located?

A

upper thoracic spinal cord

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14
Q

what ganglia are the largest in the ANS?

A

the 2 celiac ganglia

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15
Q

branches of prevertebral ganglia

A

celiac, aortia-renal, superior and inferior mesenteric ganglia

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16
Q

prevertebral ganglia are associated with what general functions

A

control organs in abdominal cavity, are part of enteric NS

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17
Q

another word for presynaptic

A

preganglionic

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18
Q

adrenal medulla is a mixture of…

A

endocrine organ and sympathetic ganglia (preganglionic)

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19
Q

1 ganglia in body that does not follow normal pattern

A

adrenal medulla; its part endocrine organ

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20
Q

are pre/postganglionic neurons cholinergic/adrenergic

A

preganglionic: cholinergic
postganglionic: adrenergic

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21
Q

cholinergic neurons release_____ which binds to _____

A

Ach; nicotinic receptors

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22
Q

adrenergic neurons release _______ which binds to ______

A

norepi; adrenergic

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23
Q

4 types of adrenergic receptors

A

a1, a2, b1, b2

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24
Q

1 exception to adrenergic neurons

A

when targeting sweat glands, Ach binds to muscarinic receptors on gland

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25
Q

neuroeffector junctions

A

synapse between nerve/target tissues where postganglionic motor neuron releases NT

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26
Q

varicosities are a reason for _____ precision but _____ speed

A

less precision; more speed

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27
Q

varicosities

A

branching at axons that allows for incr surface area for NT release; coordinate contraction

28
Q

sympathetic NS gross responses on body

A

incr HR, ventilation, BG; decr GI motility, direction of blood away from skin and splanchnic directed to sk musc

29
Q

what structure sets the sympathetic tone of body

A

adrenal medulla

30
Q

adrenal medulla synapses on______, releasing ______, activating release of _________

A

chromaffin cells, release ACh, nicotinic receptors activate and release epi/norepi

31
Q

epi/norepi release ratio?

A

epi 80%
norepi 20%

32
Q

what enzyme converts norepi->epi

A

PMNT (phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase)

33
Q

ganglia of parasympathetic NS are located near

A

or on target organs

34
Q

parasympathetic neurons originate from

A

cervical and sacral regions (CNs and S2-S4)

35
Q

nicotinic receptors are really…

A

ligand-gated Na channels

36
Q

how do the symp/parasymp work together in saliva secretion?

A

parasymp: incr aqueous component
symp: incr enzymatic component

37
Q

pacemaker of heart? symp/parasymp stimulus?

A

SA node
symp: incr HR
parasymp: decr HR

38
Q

what role do baroreceptors play in SA node signals

A

they detect BP, send to vasomotor center of brainstem; parasymp/symp regulate HR

39
Q

micturition

A

emptying bladder; external sphincter is skeletal muscle (voluntary)

40
Q

micturition reflex

A

sense of bladder being full= ANS control

41
Q

what 2 parts of bladder are under symp control during filling

A

detrusor muscle (wall of bladder) relaxing, constriction of internal sphincter

42
Q

when bladder is empty/full does parasympathetic control dominate?

A

full; sensed by mechanoreceptors->spinal cord->brainstem->contract detrusor, relax internal sphincter

43
Q

regions of the brain regulating ANS

A

hypothalamus and brainstem

44
Q

brainstem centers are responsible for

A

temp regulation, thirst and food intake, micturition, breathing, vasomotor, swallow, cough, vomit

45
Q

ultimate outcome of alpha1 activation

A

release of Ca2+

46
Q

tissues with activated B1 receptors results in _______ or ______

A

increase or contraction

47
Q

tissues with activated B2 receptors will result in ______ or ______

A

relaxation or dilation

48
Q

an increase in intracellular cAMP will either stimulate ______ or _______

A

increase contractility OR smooth muscle relaxation

49
Q

which receptor is responsible for incr HR, cardiac output, and BP

A

B1

50
Q

which receptor is responsible for redistribution of blood away from skin, kidneys, and splanchnic region towards sk muscle

A

B2

51
Q

which receptor is responsible for incr ventilation, dilation of airways

A

B2

52
Q

which receptor is responsible for decreased gastrointestinal motility and secretions

A

B2

53
Q

which receptor is responsible for increased blood glucose concentration

A

a1

54
Q

is NE or Epi more dominant over a1 receptors

A

NE

55
Q

is NE or epi more dominant over a2 receptors

A

epi slightly

56
Q

adrenal medulla dominates _____ receptors

A

a2

57
Q

is epi or norepi more dominant over B1 receptors?

A

they are equal

58
Q

is epi or norepi more dominant over B2 receptors?

A

epi!!!

59
Q

Ach receptors are __________ and __________

A

integral membrane protein; ion channel for Na/K

60
Q

M2 receptors make it more difficult for cells to reach _______

A

threshold

61
Q

agonists _________ a receptor

A

stimulate

62
Q

antagonists _________ a receptor

A

inhibit

63
Q

what does B1 activation do to HR

A

increase

64
Q

what would propanolol (antagonist) do on B1 to HR

A

decrease HR

65
Q

what does the parasymp NS via M2 receptors do to HR

A

slows

66
Q

what would atropine (antagonist) do on M2 receptors to HR

A

incr HR

Physio (4 decks)

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