equilibrium Flashcards
define: equilibrium
for reversible reactions occurring in closed systems, the point at which the rate of the forwards reaction equals that of the reverse reaction, and the concentrations/quantities of the individual reactants and products remain constant.
why is equilibrium dynamic
o The forwards and backwards reactions don’t cease, but occur simultaneously and at the same rate.
o The bonds are constantly being broken and formed as reactants and products are converted from one form to another
o The reaction is incomplete – all reactants and products are present in equilibrium mixture.
what happens when reacatants are added.
forwards reaction proceeds, but concentrations of reach decrease until their concentrations (and ROR) become constant
what happens when products are formed?
reverse reaction proceeds, concentrations increase until a point (and ROR same)
what happens at equilibirum?
concentrations will be at the same rate (and ROR)
define: extent of a reaction
the relative amounts of a product compared to the reactants, indicated by the value of the equilibrium constant.
define: equilibrium law
states that the equilibrium constant is the concendration of producst/that of reactants at equilibrium at a particular temp, and that the index of each component concentration = coefficient in equation
equilibrium law formula?
For aW + bX ->
do different chemical reactions have different Kc values
yes
what does large kc value indicate (10^4)
almost complete reaction will occur - conc of products much higher than reactants
what does very small kc value indicate 10^-4
negligible reaction. conc of reactants much higher than products
what does medium kc value indicate (10^-4-10^4)
significant extent of reaction, appreciable concentrations of both reactants and products
define: reaction quotient
the concentration of products/concentration of reactants but not necessarily at equilibrium
when are the reaction quoitient and equilibrium constant the same?
at equilbrium
if reaction quotient is greater than Kc,
more reactants need to be formed to reach equilibrium … net reverse reaction
