Equilibrium

Question 1

Collision Theory

Answer 1

theory which states that for a chemical reaction to occur, the reactant particles have to collide with sufficient energy and with the correct orientation.

Question 2

Maxwell-Botzman distribution curve

Answer 2

graph which shows that kinetic energy distribution of particles

Question 3

gradient

Answer 3

extent of steepness of a graph

Question 4

surface area

Answer 4

amount of material or compound in contact with its surroundings

Question 5

precipitate

Answer 5

substance formed as a solid from a solution

Question 6

catalyst

Answer 6

substance that increases the rate of reaction wihtout being consumed or permanently changed

Question 7

heterogeneous catalyst

Answer 7

catalyst whose physical state differs from that of the reactants

Question 8

homogeneous catalyst

Answer 8

catalyst whose physical state is teh same state as the reactants

Question 9

activation energy

Answer 9

minimum amount of energy required for a chemical reaction to occur

Question 10

energy profile diagram

Answer 10

diagram of how energy changes during a chemical reaction

Question 11

transition state

Answer 11

state corresponding to the highest energy point in the energy profile diagram of a reaction during which bond forming and breaking is occuring

Question 12

reversible reaction

Answer 12

chemical reaction that can go forwards or backwards

Question 13

irreversible reaction

Answer 13

chemical reaction that can only go in one direction

Question 14

equilibrium system

Answer 14

reaction in which reactants and products are constantly being formed

Question 15

extent of reaction

Answer 15

how far the chemical reaction proceeds

Question 16

rate of reaction

Answer 16

the speed at which a chemical reaction proceeds

Question 17

dynamic equilibrium

Answer 17

system in which teh forwards and backwards reactions are occuring at the same rate with reactants and products continuously being formed

Question 18

equilibrium constant

Answer 18

expression or value involving the concentrations of teh reactants and products of a system at equilibrium in dynamic equilibrium

Question 19

reaction quotient

Answer 19

expression or value involving the concentration of the reactants and the product of a system not at equilibrium

Question 20

homogeneous

Answer 20

describes a system where all chemicals are in the same physical state

Question 21

rate-time graph

Answer 21

representation of the rate of the forward and backward reactions over time

Question 22

concentration-time graph

Answer 22

representation of the concentration of reactants and products over time

Question 23

le chateliers principal

Answer 23

underlying principal that states when a system in equilibrium is subjected to change which disturbs equilibrium, the position of equilibrium will shift to partially counteract the change

Question 24

competing equilibria

Answer 24

multiple equilibrium reactions competing with one another because of having same reactants or products

Question 25

catalyst

Answer 25

a substance that alters the rate of a reaction without a change in its own concentration

Question 26

change in enthalpy H

Answer 26

the amount of energy released or absorbed in a chemical reaction

Question 27

closed system

Answer 27

a system in which all the reactants and products are contained in some manner with no escape to the surrounding environment

Question 28

open system

Answer 28

a system in which some or all the reactants or products can escape to the surrounding environment

Question 29

green chemistry

Answer 29

a relatively new branch of chemistry that emphasises reducing the amounts of wastes produced, the more efficient use oif energy and the use of renewable and recyclable resources

Question 30

immiscible

Answer 30

does not form a homogenous mixture when mixed with another liquid e.g. water and oil

Question 31

yield

Answer 31

amount of product