Equations - All Flashcards
Avogadro’s constant
6.02 x 10²³ particles of a substance in 1 mole
How to calculate Mole
Mass / Mr
How to find concentration (g/dm3) include units
Conc (g/dm3) = mass (g) / volume (dm3)
How to calculate concentration (mol/dm3) include units
conc (mol/dm3) = moles (mol) / volume (dm3)
How to calculate moles instead of using mass and mr
moles = concentration X volume (dm3)
What is the volume of 1 mole of any gas?
24dm3
How to calculate volume of a gas?
volume (dm3) = moles X 24dm3
1dm3 = ____ cm3
1000
Percentage yield
Mass of product actually made/ max theoretical mass of product X 100
Atom economy
Mr of desired product from equation/ Sum of Mr of all reactants X 100
How to calculate energy change in a reaction
Total energy needed to break the bonds in reactant - Total energy released when bonds in the products are formed
How to calculate mean rate of reaction
Quantity of reactant used OR product formed / time taken
How to calculate Rf value from chromotography
distance moved by substance/ distance moved by solvent
Acid + Base/ Alkali
Salt + Water
Acid + Metal
Salt + Hydrogen
Acid + carbonate
salt + water + carbon dioxide
OIL RIG
Oxidation is the loss of electrons, reduction is the gain
Alkanes general formula
Cn H2n+2
Alkenes general formula
CnH2n
Haber Process (for ammonia)
N₂ (g) + 3H₂ (g) ⇌ 2NH₃
Acid + Water
Sodium hydroxide + Hydrogen
Fuel cell negative electrode (anode)
2H₂ → 4H⁺ + 4e⁻
Fuel cell positive electrode (cathode)
4H⁺+O₂ +4e⁻ → 2H₂O
Overall reaction for fuel cells
2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O
Equation for oxygen being produced at the anode for electrolysis
4OH⁻→O₂+ 2H₂O+ 4e⁻
Cathode equation for hydrogen being produced in electrolysis
2H⁺ (aq) + 2e⁻ → H₂ (g)
Cathode equation for copper being produced in electrolysis
Cu²⁺ + 2e⁻ → Cu
Anode equation for chlorine being produced
2Cl⁻ → Cl₂ + 2e⁻
