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Coasts > EQ3 > Flashcards

EQ3 Flashcards

1
Q

How do we evaluate coastal management?

A

Environment
Legislation
Scientific knowledge
All stakeholders

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2
Q

What is Chittagong doing (Bangladesh)?

A

Cyclone shelters
Building houses on raised platforms
Improving road connections
Resilience and adaptation

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3
Q

Which stakeholders are negatively affected by management?

A

Locals that are relocated
Farmers that have little rights over land
Environmentalists

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4
Q

Which stakeholders benefit from management!

A

Locals benefit from stability
Business owners

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5
Q

Why are developing countries at more risk?

A

Lack of compensation
Tourist development increased economic risk
Lack of funding
Removal of mangroves (more erosion)

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6
Q

ICZM

A

Takes into account all aspect of the coastal zone

People
Landscape
Physical geography

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7
Q

Groynes

A

Fences built perpendicular to coast
Slow down long shore drift
Maintains the size of the beach

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8
Q

Riprap

A

Large rocks absorb wave energy

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9
Q

Sea wall

A

Absorbs wave energy

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10
Q

Lyme Regis coastal management

A

Drainage systems
Offshore breakwaters
Beach material from France

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11
Q

Evaluate hard engineering

A

Expensive
Needs to be maintained

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12
Q

Breakwater

A

Rocks near the shore to reduce the impact of coastal erosion

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13
Q

Why was Lyme Regis successful?

A

5000 residents protected
They protected Cobb hill from experiencing a landslide
Beach kept in place
Beach sediment was replenished

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14
Q

What was the problems with Lyme Regis?

A

Temporary restricted access to the car park
Preliminary costs of over $30 million

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15
Q

Port Ballintrae coastal management summary

A

Beach was starved of sediment
Huge wave fetch
Waves are diffracted by Leslie’s pier
Further starves the pier of sediment

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16
Q

ELSA framework of management in the Maldives

A

E - Mangroves and improvements of waste management practices
L - MFF helps facilitate coordinating NGOs
S - Inland water bodies used as reservoirs
A - Small grants given to islanders

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17
Q

Why is hard engineering successful?

A

Can protect houses (Cobb hill prevented from landslides in Lyme Regis)
Can protect the environment (Netherlands)
Can protect vulnerable communities near the coast (Portballintrae)

18
Q

Beach nourishment

A

Replace sediment that is lost through erosion
Builds up the beach
Dissipates wave energy

19
Q

Cliff stablisation

A

Regrading the cliff
Adding vegetation to trap sediment

20
Q

Dune stabilization

A

Replanting marram grass
Stabilizes bare sand

21
Q

Ecological enhancement

A

Encouraging species to grow on rocks
Adding moisture
Reduce weathering

Dorset

22
Q

Maldives management

A

Building mangroves, absorb wave energy, reduce erosion
Subsidies for farmers, they can grow new organic crops

23
Q

French Polynesia physical geography risk

A

Sea level rise (eustatic)
Coral bleaching
Isolated

24
Q

Economy of French Polynesia

A

Flyfishing, bone fish, in warm water
Pearl producers
Coconut producers

25
Q

What is the management plans in French Polynesia?

A

Moving to new Zealand, due to sea level rise
Developing economy, keep young skilled workers
Food security improvements

26
Q

Why is Trinidad and Tobago at a physical risk from coastal recesssion?

A

Low lying
SLR
70% of people work on the coast
High swell waves (wind generated)
Winds from the north east (high rates of erosion in coco bay)
Coastal flooding
Sedimentary rock

27
Q

What are the losses in Trinidad and Tobago? (Economic and social)

A

Economic
400,000 tourists
Luxury beach houses in Mayaro
Manzanillo beach destroyed from flooding 5 million in losses
Dependent on petrochemical industry which is at risk due to coastal erosion where the pipelines are located

Social
Loss of coco plantations
Loss of livelihoods
Manzanillo flooding destroyed roads (prevents tourism and access to petrochemical industry)
House prices are going to fall
Manzanillo beach is disrupted

28
Q

Environmental losses in Trinidad and Tobago?

A

Nesting sites of turtles destroyed
Ecotourism industry at risk

29
Q

Costs of flooding in the Netherlands

A

1800 deaths
40,000 buildings damaged
10,000 buildings destroyed
10% of farmland flooded

30
Q

Charecteristics of ICZM

A

The entire coast is managed
People are considered
The management is sustainable

31
Q

ICZM in the Medditeranean

A

Expanded over 22 coastal zones

Splits up the littoral cells
Conserving natural resources
Controlling pollution
Controls the alteration of the coastline
Rehabilitating degraded resources

32
Q

Issues with ICZM

A

They don’t consider the needs of local people
Local people may still alter the environment as this may be necessary for growth or livelihoods

33
Q

No active intervention

A

Doing nothing

34
Q

Strategic alignment

A

Allow the coastline to move
Manage it so it moves in a certain direction

35
Q

Hold the line

A

Build coastal defences so that the shoreline stays in the same position over time

36
Q

Advance the line

A

Build new coastal defences

37
Q

CBA

A

Used to understand if defending a coastline is economically justifiable

38
Q

EIA

A

Short term and long term impacts on the environment as a result of management

39
Q

EIA in Slapton

A

They have endangered species and habitates in Torcross and Strete
Need to sustain the shingle ridge fresh water lagoon

They have used hold the line here, to prevent the coastline from retreating backwards

40
Q

Why does Slapton need to be managed?

A

Need to protect A379, as it is a transport route to Dartmouth
Tourism industry
Torcross and beesands have high value assets

41
Q

Costs of management in Slapton

A

£300,000 to align
£50,000 to maintain
Road closures will disrupt the tourism industry

42
Q

What existing defenses are in Slapton?

A

Concrete sea wall
Torcross sea wall
Beach replenishment

Coasts (9 decks)

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