EQ3 Flashcards
How do we evaluate coastal management?
Environment
Legislation
Scientific knowledge
All stakeholders
What is Chittagong doing (Bangladesh)?
Cyclone shelters
Building houses on raised platforms
Improving road connections
Resilience and adaptation
Which stakeholders are negatively affected by management?
Locals that are relocated
Farmers that have little rights over land
Environmentalists
Which stakeholders benefit from management!
Locals benefit from stability
Business owners
Why are developing countries at more risk?
Lack of compensation
Tourist development increased economic risk
Lack of funding
Removal of mangroves (more erosion)
ICZM
Takes into account all aspect of the coastal zone
People
Landscape
Physical geography
Groynes
Fences built perpendicular to coast
Slow down long shore drift
Maintains the size of the beach
Riprap
Large rocks absorb wave energy
Sea wall
Absorbs wave energy
Lyme Regis coastal management
Drainage systems
Offshore breakwaters
Beach material from France
Evaluate hard engineering
Expensive
Needs to be maintained
Breakwater
Rocks near the shore to reduce the impact of coastal erosion
Why was Lyme Regis successful?
5000 residents protected
They protected Cobb hill from experiencing a landslide
Beach kept in place
Beach sediment was replenished
What was the problems with Lyme Regis?
Temporary restricted access to the car park
Preliminary costs of over $30 million
Port Ballintrae coastal management summary
Beach was starved of sediment
Huge wave fetch
Waves are diffracted by Leslie’s pier
Further starves the pier of sediment
ELSA framework of management in the Maldives
E - Mangroves and improvements of waste management practices
L - MFF helps facilitate coordinating NGOs
S - Inland water bodies used as reservoirs
A - Small grants given to islanders
Why is hard engineering successful?
Can protect houses (Cobb hill prevented from landslides in Lyme Regis)
Can protect the environment (Netherlands)
Can protect vulnerable communities near the coast (Portballintrae)
Beach nourishment
Replace sediment that is lost through erosion
Builds up the beach
Dissipates wave energy
Cliff stablisation
Regrading the cliff
Adding vegetation to trap sediment
Dune stabilization
Replanting marram grass
Stabilizes bare sand
Ecological enhancement
Encouraging species to grow on rocks
Adding moisture
Reduce weathering
Dorset
Maldives management
Building mangroves, absorb wave energy, reduce erosion
Subsidies for farmers, they can grow new organic crops
French Polynesia physical geography risk
Sea level rise (eustatic)
Coral bleaching
Isolated
Economy of French Polynesia
Flyfishing, bone fish, in warm water
Pearl producers
Coconut producers
What is the management plans in French Polynesia?
Moving to new Zealand, due to sea level rise
Developing economy, keep young skilled workers
Food security improvements
Why is Trinidad and Tobago at a physical risk from coastal recesssion?
Low lying
SLR
70% of people work on the coast
High swell waves (wind generated)
Winds from the north east (high rates of erosion in coco bay)
Coastal flooding
Sedimentary rock
What are the losses in Trinidad and Tobago? (Economic and social)
Economic
400,000 tourists
Luxury beach houses in Mayaro
Manzanillo beach destroyed from flooding 5 million in losses
Dependent on petrochemical industry which is at risk due to coastal erosion where the pipelines are located
Social
Loss of coco plantations
Loss of livelihoods
Manzanillo flooding destroyed roads (prevents tourism and access to petrochemical industry)
House prices are going to fall
Manzanillo beach is disrupted
Environmental losses in Trinidad and Tobago?
Nesting sites of turtles destroyed
Ecotourism industry at risk
Costs of flooding in the Netherlands
1800 deaths
40,000 buildings damaged
10,000 buildings destroyed
10% of farmland flooded
Charecteristics of ICZM
The entire coast is managed
People are considered
The management is sustainable
ICZM in the Medditeranean
Expanded over 22 coastal zones
Splits up the littoral cells
Conserving natural resources
Controlling pollution
Controls the alteration of the coastline
Rehabilitating degraded resources
Issues with ICZM
They don’t consider the needs of local people
Local people may still alter the environment as this may be necessary for growth or livelihoods
No active intervention
Doing nothing
Strategic alignment
Allow the coastline to move
Manage it so it moves in a certain direction
Hold the line
Build coastal defences so that the shoreline stays in the same position over time
Advance the line
Build new coastal defences
CBA
Used to understand if defending a coastline is economically justifiable
EIA
Short term and long term impacts on the environment as a result of management
EIA in Slapton
They have endangered species and habitates in Torcross and Strete
Need to sustain the shingle ridge fresh water lagoon
They have used hold the line here, to prevent the coastline from retreating backwards
Why does Slapton need to be managed?
Need to protect A379, as it is a transport route to Dartmouth
Tourism industry
Torcross and beesands have high value assets
Costs of management in Slapton
£300,000 to align
£50,000 to maintain
Road closures will disrupt the tourism industry
What existing defenses are in Slapton?
Concrete sea wall
Torcross sea wall
Beach replenishment
