EQ3

Question 1

How do we evaluate coastal management?

Answer 1

Environment
Legislation
Scientific knowledge
All stakeholders

Question 2

What is Chittagong doing (Bangladesh)?

Answer 2

Cyclone shelters
Building houses on raised platforms
Improving road connections
Resilience and adaptation

Question 3

Which stakeholders are negatively affected by management?

Answer 3

Locals that are relocated
Farmers that have little rights over land
Environmentalists

Question 4

Which stakeholders benefit from management!

Answer 4

Locals benefit from stability
Business owners

Question 5

Why are developing countries at more risk?

Answer 5

Lack of compensation
Tourist development increased economic risk
Lack of funding
Removal of mangroves (more erosion)

Question 6

ICZM

Answer 6

Takes into account all aspect of the coastal zone

People
Landscape
Physical geography

Question 7

Groynes

Answer 7

Fences built perpendicular to coast
Slow down long shore drift
Maintains the size of the beach

Question 8

Riprap

Answer 8

Large rocks absorb wave energy

Question 9

Sea wall

Answer 9

Absorbs wave energy

Question 10

Lyme Regis coastal management

Answer 10

Drainage systems
Offshore breakwaters
Beach material from France

Question 11

Evaluate hard engineering

Answer 11

Expensive
Needs to be maintained

Question 12

Breakwater

Answer 12

Rocks near the shore to reduce the impact of coastal erosion

Question 13

Why was Lyme Regis successful?

Answer 13

5000 residents protected
They protected Cobb hill from experiencing a landslide
Beach kept in place
Beach sediment was replenished

Question 14

What was the problems with Lyme Regis?

Answer 14

Temporary restricted access to the car park
Preliminary costs of over $30 million

Question 15

Port Ballintrae coastal management summary

Answer 15

Beach was starved of sediment
Huge wave fetch
Waves are diffracted by Leslie’s pier
Further starves the pier of sediment

Question 16

ELSA framework of management in the Maldives

Answer 16

E - Mangroves and improvements of waste management practices
L - MFF helps facilitate coordinating NGOs
S - Inland water bodies used as reservoirs
A - Small grants given to islanders

Question 17

Why is hard engineering successful?

Answer 17

Can protect houses (Cobb hill prevented from landslides in Lyme Regis)
Can protect the environment (Netherlands)
Can protect vulnerable communities near the coast (Portballintrae)

Question 18

Beach nourishment

Answer 18

Replace sediment that is lost through erosion
Builds up the beach
Dissipates wave energy

Question 19

Cliff stablisation

Answer 19

Regrading the cliff
Adding vegetation to trap sediment

Question 20

Dune stabilization

Answer 20

Replanting marram grass
Stabilizes bare sand

Question 21

Ecological enhancement

Answer 21

Encouraging species to grow on rocks
Adding moisture
Reduce weathering

Dorset

Question 22

Maldives management

Answer 22

Building mangroves, absorb wave energy, reduce erosion
Subsidies for farmers, they can grow new organic crops

Question 23

French Polynesia physical geography risk

Answer 23

Sea level rise (eustatic)
Coral bleaching
Isolated

Question 24

Economy of French Polynesia

Answer 24

Flyfishing, bone fish, in warm water
Pearl producers
Coconut producers

Question 25

What is the management plans in French Polynesia?

Answer 25

Moving to new Zealand, due to sea level rise Developing economy, keep young skilled workers Food security improvements

Question 26

Why is Trinidad and Tobago at a physical risk from coastal recesssion?

Answer 26

Low lying SLR 70% of people work on the coast High swell waves (wind generated) Winds from the north east (high rates of erosion in coco bay) Coastal flooding Sedimentary rock

Question 27

What are the losses in Trinidad and Tobago? (Economic and social)

Answer 27

Economic 400,000 tourists Luxury beach houses in Mayaro Manzanillo beach destroyed from flooding 5 million in losses Dependent on petrochemical industry which is at risk due to coastal erosion where the pipelines are located Social Loss of coco plantations Loss of livelihoods Manzanillo flooding destroyed roads (prevents tourism and access to petrochemical industry) House prices are going to fall Manzanillo beach is disrupted

Question 28

Environmental losses in Trinidad and Tobago?

Answer 28

Nesting sites of turtles destroyed Ecotourism industry at risk

Question 29

Costs of flooding in the Netherlands

Answer 29

1800 deaths 40,000 buildings damaged 10,000 buildings destroyed 10% of farmland flooded

Question 30

Charecteristics of ICZM

Answer 30

The entire coast is managed People are considered The management is sustainable

Question 31

ICZM in the Medditeranean

Answer 31

Expanded over 22 coastal zones Splits up the littoral cells Conserving natural resources Controlling pollution Controls the alteration of the coastline Rehabilitating degraded resources

Question 32

Issues with ICZM

Answer 32

They don't consider the needs of local people Local people may still alter the environment as this may be necessary for growth or livelihoods

Question 33

No active intervention

Answer 33

Doing nothing

Question 34

Strategic alignment

Answer 34

Allow the coastline to move Manage it so it moves in a certain direction

Question 35

Hold the line

Answer 35

Build coastal defences so that the shoreline stays in the same position over time

Question 36

Advance the line

Answer 36

Build new coastal defences

Question 37

CBA

Answer 37

Used to understand if defending a coastline is economically justifiable

Question 38

EIA

Answer 38

Short term and long term impacts on the environment as a result of management

Question 39

EIA in Slapton

Answer 39

They have endangered species and habitates in Torcross and Strete Need to sustain the shingle ridge fresh water lagoon They have used hold the line here, to prevent the coastline from retreating backwards

Question 40

Why does Slapton need to be managed?

Answer 40

Need to protect A379, as it is a transport route to Dartmouth Tourism industry Torcross and beesands have high value assets

Question 41

Costs of management in Slapton

Answer 41

£300,000 to align £50,000 to maintain Road closures will disrupt the tourism industry

Question 42

What existing defenses are in Slapton?

Answer 42

Concrete sea wall Torcross sea wall Beach replenishment