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Coasts > Coastal flooding > Flashcards

Coastal flooding Flashcards

1
Q

What local factors affect coastal flooding?

A

Height
Low pressure
Natural subsidence
Vegetation removal

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2
Q

Why is Netherlands at high risk of coastal flooding? (Physical and Human)

A

Physical
Low lying (26% below SL)
Subsidence of 8mm
High tides
Low pressure zone (mid latitude depressions)

Human
70% of GDP at risk

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3
Q

How have the Netherlands managed risk from flooding?

A

Delta werks

Built floating houses
Flooded farmland to relocate water (They saved over 940,000 acres of land)
Polders - draining delta swamps into nearby rivers
Built 9km in storm surge barriers
Use water to pump turbines and windmills

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4
Q

How has flooding impacted people in the Netherlands?

A

50,000 buildings damaged
1 billion dollars lost

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5
Q

Eustatic sea level rise

A

Temp rise, water particles expand, thermal expansion
Ice melts, water rises

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6
Q

Eustatic sea level fall

A

Evaporated water gets locked up as ice during glacial period

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7
Q

Isostatic sea level rise

A

Ice forms, land is compressed, sea level rises (emergent)
Ice melts, sediment is deposited, crustal sag and delta subsidence

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8
Q

What is the physical risk in Louisiana?

A

Subsidence
Accretion
Tectonic uplift
Sea level rise (isostatic)

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9
Q

What is the human impacts in Louisiana?

A

New year stock exchange
Flooding of subways
Loss of energy

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10
Q

What human actions are increasing coastal flooding?

A

Groundwater extraction is increasing
The weight of building is increasing subsidence

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11
Q

Environmental determinism

A

How does the physical environment control a society or states ability to develop

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12
Q

Why is climate change putting Kiribati at risk?

A

Eustatic sea level rise
Isostatic sea level rise
Coral bleaching
Salt water intrusion

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13
Q

What do corals provide?

A

Diverse ecosystems
Food
Protect shorelines from erosion

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14
Q

What is eustatic sea level rise causing in Kiribati?

A

Higher sea surface temperatures, thermal expansion

Bwabwai crop is unable to be grown
Coral bleaching

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15
Q

Environmental refugees

A

Refugees caused by environmental disasters

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16
Q

Maldives coastal risk

A

Low lying 1m above sea level
Storm surges
SLR
600,000 tourists each year

17
Q

What is accretion?

A

The accumulation of material

18
Q

How does height affect coastal flooding?

A

Storm surges (short term sea level rise) sea level rise (long term)

Bangladesh is 3m above sea level
Maldives is 2.3m above sea level
Tarwaha (kiribati) is 3m above sea level

19
Q

Maldives main risks of coastal flooding

A

Low lying
Mangrove deforestation

20
Q

Bangladesh main coastal risks of flooding

A

Low lying 3m above sea level
Funnel shaped topography
Intense rainfall
Sea level rise

21
Q

Storm surges increasing coastal flooding

A

Low pressure zone
High speed winds
Increase the impact of destructive waves
High tides
Sea level rise temporary

21
Q

Storms/Depressions

A

Areas of low pressure
They create high speed winds
Increases SLR

21
Q

Delta

A

They are formed when rivers unload sediment into them

22
Q

Maldives risk

A

3m above sea level
97% risk of sea level rise
Affected by storm surges
Not enough finance for management

23
Q

Bangladesh coastal risk

A

Funnel shape
Low lying 2.3m
Unconsolidated sediment
Isostatic rebound
Mangrove deforestation
Ganges river system

24
Q

Bangladesh coastal response

A

Raising embankments above sea level
25 cyclone shelters
Improved resilience and training
Reduced flooding from 20 days to 5 days
Slow progress

25
Q

How much economically was lost in the Netherlands flooding?

A

16 million
-2% GDP
30% fall in house prices

26
Q

Why are people in the Netherlands vulnerable?

A

17.4 million
At risk of sea level rise
Subsidence of 8mm per year
Storms

Coasts (9 decks)

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