EQ 2 why might regeneration be needed- London docklands regneration

Question 1

why did the London docklands decline?

Answer 1

• thames was too shallow early adaptation of the container with cranes
  from containerisation to travel through - introduced in late 1800’s
• less demand for dock workers
• general decline in manufacturing - therefore
  portside industries such as food refining
  industries closed down
• unable to compete with new container ports like Felixtowe and Tilbury

Question 2

when did the London docks close?

Answer 2

1981

Question 3

original population living in docklands during 1970’s?

Answer 3

poorly paid dockworker communities lived in social housing , rented from local councils

Question 4

what were the social impacts of london dl decline?

Answer 4

30,000 jobs lost

unemployment rates were 2x the national avg at 20% in 1981

Question 5

give a specific area of the London DL that closed down - decline?

Answer 5

Industries in East london’s Lea valley also closed because they needed to import raw materials and export finished materials

Question 6

by how much did pop. decrease between 1971 and 1981?

Answer 6

100,000

Question 7

what did the LDDC stand for and when was it formed?

Answer 7

London Docklands Development Corporation

1981

Question 8

powers of market led regeneration were given to the LDDC , what was the aim of this?

Answer 8

to encourage economic growth via leaving the private sector to make decisions about the future of teh docklands - improving infrastructure and housing as a result

Question 9

impact of LDDC on housing?

Answer 9

• property development boom with; *
• over 50,000 homes built since 1981 with 8000 homes improved
• transfer of east end housing from public to priv sector
• former houses have been transformed into luxury flats (gentrification)
• areas like the ‘silver town urban village’ - 917 new homes and 140 social housing units for rent .

Question 10

Impact of DLRon east london’s accessibility and connectedness ?

Answer 10

part of the London mayors transport strategy = - DLR opened in 1987 a surface light rail network covering most of the docklands

• in order to increase accessibility to other parts of London that have more job opportunities and facilities.
• ppl didn’t invest in the area ; access to rest of london was poor ; in past there was only one bus route and no rail or underground services with narrow heavily congested roads.

Question 11

what percentage of the London DL area became derelict?

Answer 11

60%

Question 12

what was a major flagship project for the LDL ?

Answer 12

Canary Wharf

Question 13

what did the Right to Buy scheme do to the LDL?

Answer 13

gave those living in council housing the right to buy housing at a reduced price
Private businessrd

Question 14

impact of LDDC on local community?

Answer 14

• £100 million spent on health , education and job (11 new primary schools and one new secondary school) , training centres and (new water sports centre and new mall in Canary wharf)
• collleges and the UOEL

Question 15

what is the unemployment rate of the Newham and canary wharf today? ******

Answer 15

5.4 %- canary wharf

east end area- Newham rates 14% however - no longer one of London’s most deprived areas

Question 16

effect of LDL regeneration on environment?

Answer 16

200,000 trees replanted

- 130 hectares of open space created

Question 17

STRATFORD REGENERATION; history of lea valley and why it was regenerated?

Answer 17

• lea valley (location of the olympic park) - one of the worst affected areas of the LDL decline - due to dependency on import of raw materials and export of refined materials via ships .
• decline started in the 1960’s and lea valley’s industry
  closed entirely in 1981.

Question 18

when did the LDDC finish and with what achievements?

Answer 18

1998 - development of a 2nd financial district and an improved transport infrastructure

Question 19

Effect of LDDC creating financial sector on employment?

Answer 19

In 2000, Only 280,000 people worked there and now 325,000 people work there today
- unemployment rates decreased

Question 20

What are the criticisms of the LDDC regeneration of east London?

Answer 20

• To this day - 2011 canary wharf employment nearly 70% compared to Tower Hamlets 56.7%
• replacement of tertiary jobs with quaternary jobs = loss of jobs for less skilled indigenous community -2001 areas nearby Canary wharf - poverty rates of 39% areas further away near docklands area poverty rates = 52%
• Gentrification
• Indigenous comm. disregarded by LDDC Some boroughs still remain poor- 2011 Newham 37% living in poverty

Question 21

Give stats to show the contrast between canary And tower hamlets

Answer 21

2011
Tower hamlets pop.- 35% work in quaternary sector
Canary- 55% work in quaternary sector
Clear Social inequalities