EPPP clinical

Question 1

Who is Karen Horney? Describe her theory and indicate what type of clinical psychologist she is?

Answer 1

Karen Horney is a neo-freudian.
Her main theory is about child development and has the idea that people either:
Move towards others/against others/away from others
It is healthy to do all three in certain circumstances, the neurotic person does primarily just one.

Question 2

Describe Harry Stack Sullivan

Answer 2

Harry Stack Sullivan is a neo-freudian.
He valued relationships throughout the lifespan.
He is very interested in symbols
Came up with:
Prototaxic Mode—experiences before language symbols are used and
involves discrete unconnected momentary states

Parataxic Mode—private or autistic symbols and person sees causal
connections btw events that are not actually related

Syntaxic Mode—symbols that have shared meaning and logical,
sequential, and consistent thinking

Question 3

Describe the 5 stages of Atkinson, Morten and Sue’s Minority identity model

Answer 3

Conformity (adopt dominant culture)
Dissonance (internal conflict about good and bad that one feels toward members of same and different culture)
Resistance (reject dominant culture)
Introspection (rethinking cultures)
Awareness (integrative stage multiculturalism)

Question 4

Hereck’s term for sexism and related issues

Answer 4

sexual prejudice a global term for sexism and other prejudices about sex/identity

Question 5

White Racial Identity model

Answer 5

Helm’s developed the following 6 stages
CONTACT DISINTEGRATES RACIAL PREJUDICE: IMMERSION ASSISTS
Contact (no awareness)
Disintegration (awareness of differences may over identify with minority, paternalistic)
Reintegration (becomes racist or acts as though racism does not exist)
Pseudo independence (events lead person to question racism)
Immersion (begins to replace racist views with facts)
Autonomy (accepts whiteness without being racist)

Question 6

What is it called when a therapist only sees something from their own culture? and who is the theorist?

Answer 6

Cultural encapsulation; Wrenn

Question 7

Emic vs. Etic

Answer 7

Emic is when things are interpreted within a person’s specific culture. Etic is a universalist approach

Question 8

Acculturation and Identity model

Answer 8

Berry 4 stages
Assimilation (low original, high dominate), Separation (high dom, low original), Integration (high both), Marginalization low both

Question 9

Black Racial Identity model (4 stages)

Answer 9

PREVENT ENEMY IDENTITY INTERNALIZATION

Pre-encounter (racial Id not thought about)
Encounter (Racist events)
Immersion/emmersion (struggle of old and new ideas)
Internalization (adopt African American world view)

Question 10

What is Transactional Analysis

Answer 10

A psychodynamic (Berne) concept that involves analyzing balances/inbalances in the role a person takes in a social interaction (Adult-Child).
Behavior and decisions are influenced by a script, which are defined early in life and a goal of treatment might be to change a script.

Question 11

What is Adler’s individual psychology

Answer 11

Emphasizes future behavior and social interaction.
Inferiority complexes can be shaped early in life as a result of real/perceived weakness.
Style of life is the way we deal with inferiority and achievement needs.

Transference should be done with client to improve their self understanding.

Question 12

What is Jungian Analytical Psychotherapy

Answer 12

Differs from Freud in that development continues into adulthood and slightly less libido focused.

Collective unconscious and archetypes are unique feature

Question 13

What is object relations?

Answer 13

Belief that we are born with an innate object seeking (relationship-oriented) being.
Relationships and the images of relationships early in life form what we expect from relationships in the future.

Question 14

What is an introject?

Answer 14

In object relations it means: a child’s internalized representation of something
In gestalt theory it means: adopting anothers views/values as ones own

Question 15

Describe elements of client centered therapy.

Answer 15

View of self and self in relation to others.
3 key ingredients
unconditional positive regard
genuineness
accurate empathic understanding

Question 16

How does Gestalt therapy conceive of maladaptive behavior? How does that behavior develop?

Answer 16

The self-image gets in the way by imposing the external standards.
Problems result from boundary disturbances including:
Introjection - taking others concepts
projection - paranoia
retroflection - due to self what want to do to others
confluence - any differences between self and others leads to negative feelings

Question 17

Existential and logotherapy

Answer 17

recognize freedom and take responsibility for change

Question 18

Glasser’s Reality therapy

Answer 18

Innate basic needs—4 psychological (belonging, power, freedom, & fun) & 1 physical need (survival). If needs fulfilled in responsible way, person adopts a success ID.
Transference is bad for tx as are traditional diagnoses.

Question 19

Interpersonal therapy is used for depression and other conditions what are its 4 main problem areas?

Answer 19

grief, role transitions, interpersonal role disputes, interpersonal deficits.

Question 20

Solution focused therapy is associated with which techniques and what are they

Answer 20

miracle question (symptoms gone)
Exception quesiton (times when symptoms not present)
scaling questions (1-10 how do you feel)

Question 21

Describe the transtheoretical model

Answer 21

This is a model about change motivation 5 stages

1. precontemplation - prob not recognized
2. contemplation - aware of prob
3. preparation - getting ready to change
4. action - doing things to change
5. maintenance - preventing relapse/keep gains

Question 22

Communication/ Interaction Family Therapy

Answer 22

goal is to disrupt the patterns of family communication that maintain symptoms.
It is known for the double-bind communication (2 conflicting neg injunctions—1 verbal, 1 typically nonverbal

Question 23

Extended Family Systems Therapy

Answer 23

Bowen
Multigenerational transmission of problems. Issue is degree of differentiation among family members.
Emotion triangle-when dyad is stressed, 3rd person brought in to increase stability & reduce tension
Genograms

Question 24

Structural Family Therapy main problems

Answer 24

Minuchin

1) Detouring-parents focus on child by scapegoating/blaming child for fam probs or overprotecting child
2) Stable coalition-parent & child form a cross-generational coalition & gang-up on other parent
3) Triangulation- (unstable coalition) child constantly pulled bt parents

Question 25

Structural Family Therapy Interventions

Answer 25

Minuchin

1) Joining-blend w/fam including tracking (ID & use fam values, life themes, signif life events in conversation) & mimesis (adopt fam affective & communication style)
2) Evaluating the fam structure-make family map to evaluate structure, transactional patterns, power hierarchies, & boundaries
3) Restructuring the fam-deliberately unbalance (stress) fam’s homeostasis in order to facilitate transformation of fam structure. Enactment (role-play relate patterns so they can be IDed & changed). Reframing (relabeling bxs so they can be viewed more pos)

family lunch

Question 26

Strategic Family Therapy

Answer 26

Haley
Want to fix communication in family.
Paradoxical interventions-use pt’s resistance in constructive way by getting them to resist directive, thus abandoning dysfunctional bx: 1) Ordeals-unpleasant tasks that pt must perform whenever sxs occur (give expensive gift to mom-in-law whenever they argue); 2) Restraining-encourage fam not to change; 3) Positioning-exaggerating severity of sx; 4) Reframing-place sxs in another frame of reference; 5) Prescribing the sx-instruct fam member to deliberately do sx

Question 27

Milan Systemic Family Therapy

Answer 27

May have cotherapist

1) Hypothesizing-use initial contact to collect info & derive tentative hypotheses; test w/fam & revise during course of tx.
2) Neutralizing-remain an ally of entire fam rather than be recruited into coalitions or alliances.
3) Paradox-counterparadox (therapeutic double-bind) & positive connotation (reframing)—used to help fams gather info toderive solutions to their own probs
4) Circular Questions-designed to help members recogn differences (& sims) in their perceptions.