Eponyms and special cells Flashcards
Kimmelsteil-Wilson nodules
Laminated PAS-positive nodules seen in DM Glomerulopathy
Meyers-Kouvenaar bodies
Dead microfilariae surrounded by stellate, hyaline, eosinophilic precipitates embedded in small epitheloid granulomas.
Seen in Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia of Filariasis
Churg-Strauss Syndrome
Aka Allergic Granulomatosis and angitis
Think: asthma, allergy, IgE! - eosinophilic necrosis
Spares the renal vessels (ayoko ng bato!)
Berger Nephropathy
Aka IgA Nephropathy
MCC of glomerulonephritis worldwide
Buerger’s syndrome
Aka Thromboangitis Obliterans
< 35 yo, male, smoker, Jewish
CIGARS
C - cigarette smoker
I - inflammation (vasculitis)
G - gangrene (resting pain on forefoot –> ulceration –> gangrene)
A - allergy
R - radial and tibial arteries (medium sized to small)
S - sharply segmental and thrombosing lesions
Durck granulomas
Ring hemorrhages related to local hypoxia, vascular stasis and small focal inflammatory reactions
Seen in cerebral malaria - P. falciparum
Mott cells
Plasma cells containing cytoplasmic globules filled with immunoglobulins
Seen in African sleeping sickness (T. Brucei)
Schilling test
Test for pernicious anemia
With two stages
1st: oral vit B12 + IM vit B12
2nd: intrinsic factor
Warthin-Finkeldey cells
Multinucleated giant cells seen in measles infection
Donovan bodies
Minute, encapsulated coccobacilli in macrophages with engulfed Klebsiella granulomatis bacteria seen in Granuloma Inguinale/ Donovanosis
Sezary-Lutner cell
Cerebriform nuclei
T- helper cells (CD4) forming band-like aggregates
- seen in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
Gandy- Gamna nodules
Small yellow-brown, brown or rush-colored foci seen in congestive splenomegaly
Birbeck granules
Pentalaminar tubules, often with a dilated terminal end (tennis racket-like appearance)
Contains langerin protein
Seen in Langerhans cell Histiocytosis
Call-Exner bodies
Small, distinctive, gland-like structures filled with acidophilic material
Seen in Granulosa Cell Tumors
Schiller-Duval body
Glomerulus-like structure composed of a central blood vessel enveloped by germ cells within a space lined by germ cells
Seen in Yolk Sac Tumors
Pick bodies
Cytoplasmic round to oval, filamentous inclusions
Seen in Pick disease - early onset behavior changes with alterations in personality and language disturbances
Lewy bodies
Elongated inclusions with dense core and pale halo
Composed of alpha-synuclein
Seen in Parkinson’s
Bunina bodies
PAS-positive cytoplasmic inclusions seen in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Rosenthal fibers
Dense fibrillary meshwork
Seen in Pilocytic Astrocytoma
Verocay bodies
Moderate to high cellularity and scant stromal matrix
Seen in Antoni A type of Schwanomma
(Si Antonia pumunta ng Boracay n may kasamang Swan)
Cushing Disease vs Cushing Syndrome
Cushing syndrome - excess ACTH causes hypercortisolism
Cushing disease if the pituitary is the source of ACTH
Nelson syndrome
Develop in patients after surgical removal of adrenal glands for treatment of Cushing syndrome
De Quervain thyroiditis
Aka granulomatous thyroiditis or Giant cell thyroiditis
MCC of painful thyroid gland
(Think: DeQuer-pain!)
Shows chronic inflammatory infiltrate with multinucleate giant cella
Reidel Thyroiditis
Fibrous tissue replacement
Extension of fibrosis into surrounding tissue
Associated with other sclerosing conditions
Hurthle cells
Atrophic thyroid follicles lining glands in Hashimoto thyroiditis
Hurthle adenoma
Follicular adenoma with oxyphilia
Hurthle carcinoma
Abundant granular, eosinophilic cytoplasm seen in Follicular thyroid carcinoma
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
Aka gastrinoma
Malignant islet cell tumor that secretes gastrin producing hyperacidity
Crooke hyaline change
Pale and homogenous pituitary gland seen in Cushing syndrome
Conn’s syndrome
A cause of primary hyperaldosteronism
Autonomous overproduction of aldosterone by a solitary aldoaterone-secreting adenoma
Frequently manifests as hypertension
Addison’s disease
Primary chronic adrenocortical insufficiency
Resulting from progressive destruction of the adrenal cortex
MCC: autoimmune
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome
Bilateral adrenal hemorrhage in the setting of fulminant meningococcemia
Dressler syndrome
Fibrinous pericarditis
Seen 2 weeks post-MI
Patient presents with fever, pleuritic chest pain and pericardial effusion
Virchow’s triad
Endothelial injury Hypercoagulable state Blood stasis (abnormal blood flow)
Lines of Zahn
Laminations seen in antemortem thrombosis (differentiates from non laminated postmortem clots)
Pale platelet and fibrin deposits alternating with darker red cell-rich layers
Also seen in arterial thrombosis
Caisson disease
Ischemic necrosis of femoral heads, tibia and humerus
Robertsonian translocation
Type of translocation (under chromosomal disorders)
Transfer of the segments leads to one very large chromosome and one extremely small one
Trousseau sign
Aka migratory thrombophlebitis
Venous thrombosis appears in one site then disappears, followed by thrombosis in other veins
Common in patients with adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, colon, lung due to hypercoagulability from a paraneoplastic syndrome
Homan sign
Pain elicited after squeezing the calf muscles or after forced dorsiflexion of the foot –> sign of DVT
Aschoff bodies
Pathognomonic LESION of RF/RHD
Found in all layers of the heart
Foci of swollen eosinophilic collagen surrounded by T cells, plasma cells
More associated with RF than RHD
Anitschow cells
Pathognomonic CELL of RF/RHD
Macrophages/ histiocytes containing abundant cytoplasm, round nuclei with slender, wavy ribbon of chromatin
Graham-Steel murmur
Pulmonary regurgitation secondary to pulmonary hypertension
Fish mouth/ buttonhole stenosis
Seen in mitral stenosis, secondary to RHD
Due to fibrous bridging across the calculator commissures and calcification
(Ms, pa-kiss)
Janeway lesions
Red hemorrhagic painless lesions on palms an soles
Seen in infective endocarditis
(Jane, no pain!)
Osler’s nodes
Subcutaneous nodules in the pulp of digits
Seen in infective endocarditis
(Osler = ouch!)
Libman-Sacks disease
Small sterile vegetations on BOTH sides of leaflets that may contain HEMATOXYLIN BODIES
Associated with SLE
Takatsubo disease
Aka Broken heart syndrome
Temporary DCM secondary to stress
Reid’s index
Ratio of the thickness of the mucous gland later to the thickness of the wall between the epithelium and the cartilage
Gland layer thickness/ wall thickness
NV: 0.4
If > 0.4, chronic bronchitis
Curshmann spirals
Whorls of shed epithelium in mucus plugs
Seen in asthma
Charcot-Leyden crystals
Crystalloid made up of eosinophil membrane protein
Seen in asthma
Kartagener syndrome
Immobile cilia syndrome
Bronchiectasis, sinusitis, situs inversus, infertility
Schaumann bodies
Laminated concretions of calcium and proteins
Seen in sarcoidosis
Hampton’s hump
Peripheral wedge-shaped density above the diaphragm seen in pulmonary embolism
Hansen’s disease
Aka Leprosy
Caused by M. Leprae
Lepidic growth
Feature of bronchoalveolar CA along preexisting structures without destruction of alveolar architecture
Butterfly sitting on a fence
Azzopardi effect
Basophilic staining of vascular walls due to encrustation by DNA from necrotic tumor cells
Seen in small cell lung CA
Flexner-Wintersteiner rosettes
Arrangements of a single layer of tumor cells around an apparent “lumen”
Seen in Retinoblastoma (the most common primary intraocular malignancy in children)
Michaelis-Gutmann bodies
Large, foamy macrophages with laminated mineralized concretions
Seen in Malakoplakia - a peculiar vesical (bladder) inflammation secondary to chronic E. coli infection
Dohle bodies
Abnormal azurophilic (primary granules) or TOXIC GRANULES seen in leuocytosis
Toxic patient - give blue Dohle pineapples
Subepithelial humps on EM
PSGN
Below podocyte, above BM
Suepithelial deposits on EM
MGN
Spike and Dome appearance on EM
MGN
Double countour appearance on LM
MPGN
Tram track appearance on LM
MPGN
Subendothelial deposits on EM
MPGN type I
Berger’s disease
Aka IgA Nephropathy
IgA deposits in the mesangium (like HSP)
Presents with recurrent gross or microscopic hematuria
Henoch-Schonlein Purpura
Purpuric skin lesions in the extensor surfaces of arms and legs
(+) IgA deposits in the mesangium (like IgA Nephropathy
Congo Red deposits
Amyloid-positive fibrillary deposits present within the mesangium and capillary walls
Seen in Amyloidosis
Staghorn calculi
Associated with urease-producing organisms
Aka struvite stones, magnesium ammonium phosphate stones (with coffin lid appearance)
Grawitz tumor
Aka renal cell carcinoma, hypernephroma
Fodere’s test
Aka hydrostatic test
Test to determine whether respiration took place on a newborn before death (Legal Med)
Breslau’s test
Test that involves floating of the stomach in water to determine the presence of air (Legal Med)
Pneumatosis intestinalis
Gas within the intestinal walls
Seen in necrotizing enterocolitis
Homer-Wright pseudo rosettes
Tumor cells concentrically arranged about a central space (filled with neuropil –> true rosette!)
Seen in neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma and primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs)
Wilm’s tumor
Most common primary renal tumor of childhood
Peak: 2-5 yrs old
Does not cross the midline (Wan side only!)
Minamata disease
Mercury poisoning
Cerebral palsy, deafness, blindness, MR
Due to methylmercury
Mee’s lines
Transverse bands in nails seen in Arsenic poisoning
Curling ulcer
Gastric ulcer secondary to burn injury
Marjolin ulcer
Squamous cell CA secondary to burn injury - with overturned burn edges
Flag sign
Alternating bands of pale and dark hair seen in Kwashiorkor
Russell’s sign
Calluses on back of hands seen in Bulimia Nervosa
Russell bodies
Pink globular cytoplasmic inclusions seen in Multiple myeloma
Bitot spots
Build up of keratin debris in small opaque plaques seen in Vitamin A deficiency
Roth spots
Retinal hemorrhages seen in infective endocarditis
Koplik spots
Whitish ulcerated oral mucosal lesions near the opening of Stensen’s ducts
Seen in measles
Damson disease
Aka SSPE, a potentially fatal neurologic compilation of measles
Cowdry type A
Large, pink to purple intranuclear inclusions seen in Herpes Simplex and Adenovirus infection
Ramsay Hunt Syndrome
Varicella infection involving the geniculate ganglion causing facial nerve paralysis
Downey cells
Atypical lymphocytes seen in EBV infection
Ritter disease
Aka Staph Scalded Skin Syndrome
Exfoliatin cleaves desmoglein in desmosomes
Separation of epidermis at STRATUM GRANULOSUM
Lyell disease
Aka TEN (> 30% TBSA)
Separation at dermo-epidermal junction
Pastia’s lines
Seen in scarlet fever
Due to erythrogenic toxin
Fite-Faraco stain
Modified acid-fast stain used to visualize Nocardia Asteroides
Fleur-de-lis pattern
Seen in necrotizing pneumonia secondary to Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
Striking pale necrotic centers and red, hemorrhagic peripheral areas
Donovan bodies
Minute, encapsulated coccobacilli in macrophages visualized on Warthin-starry stain
Infection with Klebsiella Granulomatis
Donovanosis
Aka Granuloma Inguinale
Infection with Klebsiella Granulomatis
Beefy red ulcer
Diamond-Blackfan syndrome
Congenital hypoplastic anemia aka Pure Red Cell aplasia
Cooley’s anemia
aka Beta thalassemia Major
Defect in HS
Defect in membrane spectrim or ankyrin –> loss of biconcave shape –> more fragile
Dx tests for HS
Osmotic fragility test - confirms presence of fragile sphere-shaped RBCs
MCHC - increased
Retic Count - high
Indirect bilirubin - high
Osmotic fragility test
Used for diagnosis of HS - to detect presence of sphere- shaped RBCs
Pathogenesis of sickle cell anemia
Replacement of glutamine for valine due to mutation in the 6th codon encoding B globin
Crew cut X-ray
Sickle cell anemia
Hair on end appearance on X-ray
Sickle cell anemia
Definitive diagnosis of sickle cell anemia
Hb electrophoresis
Megathrombocytes seen in?
ITP
Cardinal symptoms of TTP
FAT RN Fever Anemia (hemolytic) Thrombocytopenia Renal dysfunction Nervous system changes
Tx for TTP
Plasmapheresis
Pathogenesis of TTP
Acquired deficiency of a metalloproteinase (ADAMTS 13) that is responsible for cleaning the high molecular weight multimers of vWF –> vWF multimers accumulate in plasma –> promote clot formation
MC inherited bleeding disorder
Von willebrand disease
Platelet count in vWD?
Normal
