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Pathology > Eponyms and special cells > Flashcards

Eponyms and special cells Flashcards

0
Q

Kimmelsteil-Wilson nodules

A

Laminated PAS-positive nodules seen in DM Glomerulopathy

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1
Q

Meyers-Kouvenaar bodies

A

Dead microfilariae surrounded by stellate, hyaline, eosinophilic precipitates embedded in small epitheloid granulomas.

Seen in Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia of Filariasis

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2
Q

Churg-Strauss Syndrome

A

Aka Allergic Granulomatosis and angitis

Think: asthma, allergy, IgE! - eosinophilic necrosis

Spares the renal vessels (ayoko ng bato!)

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3
Q

Berger Nephropathy

A

Aka IgA Nephropathy

MCC of glomerulonephritis worldwide

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4
Q

Buerger’s syndrome

A

Aka Thromboangitis Obliterans

< 35 yo, male, smoker, Jewish

CIGARS
C - cigarette smoker
I - inflammation (vasculitis)
G - gangrene (resting pain on forefoot –> ulceration –> gangrene)
A - allergy
R - radial and tibial arteries (medium sized to small)
S - sharply segmental and thrombosing lesions

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5
Q

Durck granulomas

A

Ring hemorrhages related to local hypoxia, vascular stasis and small focal inflammatory reactions

Seen in cerebral malaria - P. falciparum

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6
Q

Mott cells

A

Plasma cells containing cytoplasmic globules filled with immunoglobulins

Seen in African sleeping sickness (T. Brucei)

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7
Q

Schilling test

A

Test for pernicious anemia
With two stages
1st: oral vit B12 + IM vit B12
2nd: intrinsic factor

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8
Q

Warthin-Finkeldey cells

A

Multinucleated giant cells seen in measles infection

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9
Q

Donovan bodies

A

Minute, encapsulated coccobacilli in macrophages with engulfed Klebsiella granulomatis bacteria seen in Granuloma Inguinale/ Donovanosis

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10
Q

Sezary-Lutner cell

A

Cerebriform nuclei
T- helper cells (CD4) forming band-like aggregates
- seen in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma

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11
Q

Gandy- Gamna nodules

A

Small yellow-brown, brown or rush-colored foci seen in congestive splenomegaly

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12
Q

Birbeck granules

A

Pentalaminar tubules, often with a dilated terminal end (tennis racket-like appearance)

Contains langerin protein
Seen in Langerhans cell Histiocytosis

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13
Q

Call-Exner bodies

A

Small, distinctive, gland-like structures filled with acidophilic material

Seen in Granulosa Cell Tumors

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14
Q

Schiller-Duval body

A

Glomerulus-like structure composed of a central blood vessel enveloped by germ cells within a space lined by germ cells

Seen in Yolk Sac Tumors

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15
Q

Pick bodies

A

Cytoplasmic round to oval, filamentous inclusions

Seen in Pick disease - early onset behavior changes with alterations in personality and language disturbances

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16
Q

Lewy bodies

A

Elongated inclusions with dense core and pale halo

Composed of alpha-synuclein
Seen in Parkinson’s

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17
Q

Bunina bodies

A

PAS-positive cytoplasmic inclusions seen in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

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18
Q

Rosenthal fibers

A

Dense fibrillary meshwork

Seen in Pilocytic Astrocytoma

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19
Q

Verocay bodies

A

Moderate to high cellularity and scant stromal matrix

Seen in Antoni A type of Schwanomma

(Si Antonia pumunta ng Boracay n may kasamang Swan)

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20
Q

Cushing Disease vs Cushing Syndrome

A

Cushing syndrome - excess ACTH causes hypercortisolism

Cushing disease if the pituitary is the source of ACTH

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21
Q

Nelson syndrome

A

Develop in patients after surgical removal of adrenal glands for treatment of Cushing syndrome

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22
Q

De Quervain thyroiditis

A

Aka granulomatous thyroiditis or Giant cell thyroiditis

MCC of painful thyroid gland

(Think: DeQuer-pain!)

Shows chronic inflammatory infiltrate with multinucleate giant cella

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23
Q

Reidel Thyroiditis

A

Fibrous tissue replacement
Extension of fibrosis into surrounding tissue
Associated with other sclerosing conditions

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24
Q

Hurthle cells

A

Atrophic thyroid follicles lining glands in Hashimoto thyroiditis

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25
Q

Hurthle adenoma

A

Follicular adenoma with oxyphilia

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26
Q

Hurthle carcinoma

A

Abundant granular, eosinophilic cytoplasm seen in Follicular thyroid carcinoma

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27
Q

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

A

Aka gastrinoma

Malignant islet cell tumor that secretes gastrin producing hyperacidity

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28
Q

Crooke hyaline change

A

Pale and homogenous pituitary gland seen in Cushing syndrome

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29
Q

Conn’s syndrome

A

A cause of primary hyperaldosteronism

Autonomous overproduction of aldosterone by a solitary aldoaterone-secreting adenoma

Frequently manifests as hypertension

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30
Q

Addison’s disease

A

Primary chronic adrenocortical insufficiency

Resulting from progressive destruction of the adrenal cortex

MCC: autoimmune

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31
Q

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome

A

Bilateral adrenal hemorrhage in the setting of fulminant meningococcemia

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32
Q

Dressler syndrome

A

Fibrinous pericarditis

Seen 2 weeks post-MI
Patient presents with fever, pleuritic chest pain and pericardial effusion

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33
Q

Virchow’s triad

A 
Endothelial injury
Hypercoagulable state
Blood stasis (abnormal blood flow)
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34
Q

Lines of Zahn

A

Laminations seen in antemortem thrombosis (differentiates from non laminated postmortem clots)

Pale platelet and fibrin deposits alternating with darker red cell-rich layers

Also seen in arterial thrombosis

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35
Q

Caisson disease

A

Ischemic necrosis of femoral heads, tibia and humerus

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36
Q

Robertsonian translocation

A

Type of translocation (under chromosomal disorders)

Transfer of the segments leads to one very large chromosome and one extremely small one

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37
Q

Trousseau sign

A

Aka migratory thrombophlebitis
Venous thrombosis appears in one site then disappears, followed by thrombosis in other veins

Common in patients with adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, colon, lung due to hypercoagulability from a paraneoplastic syndrome

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38
Q

Homan sign

A

Pain elicited after squeezing the calf muscles or after forced dorsiflexion of the foot –> sign of DVT

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39
Q

Aschoff bodies

A

Pathognomonic LESION of RF/RHD

Found in all layers of the heart
Foci of swollen eosinophilic collagen surrounded by T cells, plasma cells

More associated with RF than RHD

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40
Q

Anitschow cells

A

Pathognomonic CELL of RF/RHD

Macrophages/ histiocytes containing abundant cytoplasm, round nuclei with slender, wavy ribbon of chromatin

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41
Q

Graham-Steel murmur

A

Pulmonary regurgitation secondary to pulmonary hypertension

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42
Q

Fish mouth/ buttonhole stenosis

A

Seen in mitral stenosis, secondary to RHD

Due to fibrous bridging across the calculator commissures and calcification

(Ms, pa-kiss)

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43
Q

Janeway lesions

A

Red hemorrhagic painless lesions on palms an soles

Seen in infective endocarditis

(Jane, no pain!)

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44
Q

Osler’s nodes

A

Subcutaneous nodules in the pulp of digits

Seen in infective endocarditis

(Osler = ouch!)

45
Q

Libman-Sacks disease

A

Small sterile vegetations on BOTH sides of leaflets that may contain HEMATOXYLIN BODIES

Associated with SLE

46
Q

Takatsubo disease

A

Aka Broken heart syndrome

Temporary DCM secondary to stress

47
Q

Reid’s index

A

Ratio of the thickness of the mucous gland later to the thickness of the wall between the epithelium and the cartilage

Gland layer thickness/ wall thickness

NV: 0.4
If > 0.4, chronic bronchitis

48
Q

Curshmann spirals

A

Whorls of shed epithelium in mucus plugs

Seen in asthma

49
Q

Charcot-Leyden crystals

A

Crystalloid made up of eosinophil membrane protein

Seen in asthma

50
Q

Kartagener syndrome

A

Immobile cilia syndrome

Bronchiectasis, sinusitis, situs inversus, infertility

51
Q

Schaumann bodies

A

Laminated concretions of calcium and proteins

Seen in sarcoidosis

52
Q

Hampton’s hump

A

Peripheral wedge-shaped density above the diaphragm seen in pulmonary embolism

53
Q

Hansen’s disease

A

Aka Leprosy

Caused by M. Leprae

54
Q

Lepidic growth

A

Feature of bronchoalveolar CA along preexisting structures without destruction of alveolar architecture

Butterfly sitting on a fence

55
Q

Azzopardi effect

A

Basophilic staining of vascular walls due to encrustation by DNA from necrotic tumor cells

Seen in small cell lung CA

56
Q

Flexner-Wintersteiner rosettes

A

Arrangements of a single layer of tumor cells around an apparent “lumen”

Seen in Retinoblastoma (the most common primary intraocular malignancy in children)

57
Q

Michaelis-Gutmann bodies

A

Large, foamy macrophages with laminated mineralized concretions

Seen in Malakoplakia - a peculiar vesical (bladder) inflammation secondary to chronic E. coli infection

58
Q

Dohle bodies

A

Abnormal azurophilic (primary granules) or TOXIC GRANULES seen in leuocytosis

Toxic patient - give blue Dohle pineapples

59
Q

Subepithelial humps on EM

A

PSGN

Below podocyte, above BM

60
Q

Suepithelial deposits on EM

A

MGN

61
Q

Spike and Dome appearance on EM

A

MGN

62
Q

Double countour appearance on LM

A

MPGN

63
Q

Tram track appearance on LM

A

MPGN

64
Q

Subendothelial deposits on EM

A

MPGN type I

65
Q

Berger’s disease

A

Aka IgA Nephropathy

IgA deposits in the mesangium (like HSP)

Presents with recurrent gross or microscopic hematuria

66
Q

Henoch-Schonlein Purpura

A

Purpuric skin lesions in the extensor surfaces of arms and legs

(+) IgA deposits in the mesangium (like IgA Nephropathy

67
Q

Congo Red deposits

A

Amyloid-positive fibrillary deposits present within the mesangium and capillary walls

Seen in Amyloidosis

68
Q

Staghorn calculi

A

Associated with urease-producing organisms

Aka struvite stones, magnesium ammonium phosphate stones (with coffin lid appearance)

69
Q

Grawitz tumor

A

Aka renal cell carcinoma, hypernephroma

70
Q

Fodere’s test

A

Aka hydrostatic test

Test to determine whether respiration took place on a newborn before death (Legal Med)

71
Q

Breslau’s test

A

Test that involves floating of the stomach in water to determine the presence of air (Legal Med)

72
Q

Pneumatosis intestinalis

A

Gas within the intestinal walls

Seen in necrotizing enterocolitis

73
Q

Homer-Wright pseudo rosettes

A

Tumor cells concentrically arranged about a central space (filled with neuropil –> true rosette!)

Seen in neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma and primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs)

74
Q

Wilm’s tumor

A

Most common primary renal tumor of childhood

Peak: 2-5 yrs old

Does not cross the midline (Wan side only!)

75
Q

Minamata disease

A

Mercury poisoning

Cerebral palsy, deafness, blindness, MR

Due to methylmercury

76
Q

Mee’s lines

A

Transverse bands in nails seen in Arsenic poisoning

77
Q

Curling ulcer

A

Gastric ulcer secondary to burn injury

78
Q

Marjolin ulcer

A

Squamous cell CA secondary to burn injury - with overturned burn edges

79
Q

Flag sign

A

Alternating bands of pale and dark hair seen in Kwashiorkor

80
Q

Russell’s sign

A

Calluses on back of hands seen in Bulimia Nervosa

81
Q

Russell bodies

A

Pink globular cytoplasmic inclusions seen in Multiple myeloma

82
Q

Bitot spots

A

Build up of keratin debris in small opaque plaques seen in Vitamin A deficiency

83
Q

Roth spots

A

Retinal hemorrhages seen in infective endocarditis

84
Q

Koplik spots

A

Whitish ulcerated oral mucosal lesions near the opening of Stensen’s ducts

Seen in measles

85
Q

Damson disease

A

Aka SSPE, a potentially fatal neurologic compilation of measles

86
Q

Cowdry type A

A

Large, pink to purple intranuclear inclusions seen in Herpes Simplex and Adenovirus infection

87
Q

Ramsay Hunt Syndrome

A

Varicella infection involving the geniculate ganglion causing facial nerve paralysis

88
Q

Downey cells

A

Atypical lymphocytes seen in EBV infection

89
Q

Ritter disease

A

Aka Staph Scalded Skin Syndrome

Exfoliatin cleaves desmoglein in desmosomes

Separation of epidermis at STRATUM GRANULOSUM

90
Q

Lyell disease

A

Aka TEN (> 30% TBSA)

Separation at dermo-epidermal junction

91
Q

Pastia’s lines

A

Seen in scarlet fever

Due to erythrogenic toxin

92
Q

Fite-Faraco stain

A

Modified acid-fast stain used to visualize Nocardia Asteroides

93
Q

Fleur-de-lis pattern

A

Seen in necrotizing pneumonia secondary to Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

Striking pale necrotic centers and red, hemorrhagic peripheral areas

94
Q

Donovan bodies

A

Minute, encapsulated coccobacilli in macrophages visualized on Warthin-starry stain

Infection with Klebsiella Granulomatis

95
Q

Donovanosis

A

Aka Granuloma Inguinale

Infection with Klebsiella Granulomatis

Beefy red ulcer

96
Q

Diamond-Blackfan syndrome

A

Congenital hypoplastic anemia aka Pure Red Cell aplasia

97
Q

Cooley’s anemia

A

aka Beta thalassemia Major

98
Q

Defect in HS

A

Defect in membrane spectrim or ankyrin –> loss of biconcave shape –> more fragile

99
Q

Dx tests for HS

A

Osmotic fragility test - confirms presence of fragile sphere-shaped RBCs

MCHC - increased
Retic Count - high
Indirect bilirubin - high

100
Q

Osmotic fragility test

A

Used for diagnosis of HS - to detect presence of sphere- shaped RBCs

101
Q

Pathogenesis of sickle cell anemia

A

Replacement of glutamine for valine due to mutation in the 6th codon encoding B globin

102
Q

Crew cut X-ray

A

Sickle cell anemia

103
Q

Hair on end appearance on X-ray

A

Sickle cell anemia

104
Q

Definitive diagnosis of sickle cell anemia

A

Hb electrophoresis

105
Q

Megathrombocytes seen in?

A

ITP

106
Q

Cardinal symptoms of TTP

A 
FAT RN
Fever
Anemia (hemolytic)
Thrombocytopenia 
Renal dysfunction
Nervous system changes
107
Q

Tx for TTP

A

Plasmapheresis

108
Q

Pathogenesis of TTP

A

Acquired deficiency of a metalloproteinase (ADAMTS 13) that is responsible for cleaning the high molecular weight multimers of vWF –> vWF multimers accumulate in plasma –> promote clot formation

109
Q

MC inherited bleeding disorder

A

Von willebrand disease

110
Q

Platelet count in vWD?

A

Normal

Pathology (26 decks)

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