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Eponyms and special cells Flashcards

0
Q

Kimmelsteil-Wilson nodules

A

Laminated PAS-positive nodules seen in DM Glomerulopathy

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1
Q

Meyers-Kouvenaar bodies

A

Dead microfilariae surrounded by stellate, hyaline, eosinophilic precipitates embedded in small epitheloid granulomas.

Seen in Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia of Filariasis

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2
Q

Churg-Strauss Syndrome

A

Aka Allergic Granulomatosis and angitis

Think: asthma, allergy, IgE! - eosinophilic necrosis

Spares the renal vessels (ayoko ng bato!)

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3
Q

Berger Nephropathy

A

Aka IgA Nephropathy

MCC of glomerulonephritis worldwide

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4
Q

Buerger’s syndrome

A

Aka Thromboangitis Obliterans

< 35 yo, male, smoker, Jewish

CIGARS
C - cigarette smoker
I - inflammation (vasculitis)
G - gangrene (resting pain on forefoot –> ulceration –> gangrene)
A - allergy
R - radial and tibial arteries (medium sized to small)
S - sharply segmental and thrombosing lesions

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5
Q

Durck granulomas

A

Ring hemorrhages related to local hypoxia, vascular stasis and small focal inflammatory reactions

Seen in cerebral malaria - P. falciparum

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6
Q

Mott cells

A

Plasma cells containing cytoplasmic globules filled with immunoglobulins

Seen in African sleeping sickness (T. Brucei)

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7
Q

Schilling test

A

Test for pernicious anemia
With two stages
1st: oral vit B12 + IM vit B12
2nd: intrinsic factor

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8
Q

Warthin-Finkeldey cells

A

Multinucleated giant cells seen in measles infection

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9
Q

Donovan bodies

A

Minute, encapsulated coccobacilli in macrophages with engulfed Klebsiella granulomatis bacteria seen in Granuloma Inguinale/ Donovanosis

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10
Q

Sezary-Lutner cell

A

Cerebriform nuclei
T- helper cells (CD4) forming band-like aggregates
- seen in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma

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11
Q

Gandy- Gamna nodules

A

Small yellow-brown, brown or rush-colored foci seen in congestive splenomegaly

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12
Q

Birbeck granules

A

Pentalaminar tubules, often with a dilated terminal end (tennis racket-like appearance)

Contains langerin protein
Seen in Langerhans cell Histiocytosis

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13
Q

Call-Exner bodies

A

Small, distinctive, gland-like structures filled with acidophilic material

Seen in Granulosa Cell Tumors

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14
Q

Schiller-Duval body

A

Glomerulus-like structure composed of a central blood vessel enveloped by germ cells within a space lined by germ cells

Seen in Yolk Sac Tumors

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15
Q

Pick bodies

A

Cytoplasmic round to oval, filamentous inclusions

Seen in Pick disease - early onset behavior changes with alterations in personality and language disturbances

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16
Q

Lewy bodies

A

Elongated inclusions with dense core and pale halo

Composed of alpha-synuclein
Seen in Parkinson’s

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17
Q

Bunina bodies

A

PAS-positive cytoplasmic inclusions seen in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

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18
Q

Rosenthal fibers

A

Dense fibrillary meshwork

Seen in Pilocytic Astrocytoma

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19
Q

Verocay bodies

A

Moderate to high cellularity and scant stromal matrix

Seen in Antoni A type of Schwanomma

(Si Antonia pumunta ng Boracay n may kasamang Swan)

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20
Q

Cushing Disease vs Cushing Syndrome

A

Cushing syndrome - excess ACTH causes hypercortisolism

Cushing disease if the pituitary is the source of ACTH

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21
Q

Nelson syndrome

A

Develop in patients after surgical removal of adrenal glands for treatment of Cushing syndrome

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22
Q

De Quervain thyroiditis

A

Aka granulomatous thyroiditis or Giant cell thyroiditis

MCC of painful thyroid gland

(Think: DeQuer-pain!)

Shows chronic inflammatory infiltrate with multinucleate giant cella

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23
Q

Reidel Thyroiditis

A

Fibrous tissue replacement
Extension of fibrosis into surrounding tissue
Associated with other sclerosing conditions

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24
Hurthle cells
Atrophic thyroid follicles lining glands in Hashimoto thyroiditis
25
Hurthle adenoma
Follicular adenoma with oxyphilia
26
Hurthle carcinoma
Abundant granular, eosinophilic cytoplasm seen in Follicular thyroid carcinoma
27
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
Aka gastrinoma Malignant islet cell tumor that secretes gastrin producing hyperacidity
28
Crooke hyaline change
Pale and homogenous pituitary gland seen in Cushing syndrome
29
Conn's syndrome
A cause of primary hyperaldosteronism Autonomous overproduction of aldosterone by a solitary aldoaterone-secreting adenoma Frequently manifests as hypertension
30
Addison's disease
Primary chronic adrenocortical insufficiency Resulting from progressive destruction of the adrenal cortex MCC: autoimmune
31
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome
Bilateral adrenal hemorrhage in the setting of fulminant meningococcemia
32
Dressler syndrome
Fibrinous pericarditis Seen 2 weeks post-MI Patient presents with fever, pleuritic chest pain and pericardial effusion
33
Virchow's triad
``` Endothelial injury Hypercoagulable state Blood stasis (abnormal blood flow) ```
34
Lines of Zahn
Laminations seen in antemortem thrombosis (differentiates from non laminated postmortem clots) Pale platelet and fibrin deposits alternating with darker red cell-rich layers Also seen in arterial thrombosis
35
Caisson disease
Ischemic necrosis of femoral heads, tibia and humerus
36
Robertsonian translocation
Type of translocation (under chromosomal disorders) Transfer of the segments leads to one very large chromosome and one extremely small one
37
Trousseau sign
Aka migratory thrombophlebitis Venous thrombosis appears in one site then disappears, followed by thrombosis in other veins Common in patients with adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, colon, lung due to hypercoagulability from a paraneoplastic syndrome
38
Homan sign
Pain elicited after squeezing the calf muscles or after forced dorsiflexion of the foot --> sign of DVT
39
Aschoff bodies
Pathognomonic LESION of RF/RHD Found in all layers of the heart Foci of swollen eosinophilic collagen surrounded by T cells, plasma cells More associated with RF than RHD
40
Anitschow cells
Pathognomonic CELL of RF/RHD Macrophages/ histiocytes containing abundant cytoplasm, round nuclei with slender, wavy ribbon of chromatin
41
Graham-Steel murmur
Pulmonary regurgitation secondary to pulmonary hypertension
42
Fish mouth/ buttonhole stenosis
Seen in mitral stenosis, secondary to RHD Due to fibrous bridging across the calculator commissures and calcification (Ms, pa-kiss)
43
Janeway lesions
Red hemorrhagic painless lesions on palms an soles Seen in infective endocarditis (Jane, no pain!)
44
Osler's nodes
Subcutaneous nodules in the pulp of digits Seen in infective endocarditis (Osler = ouch!)
45
Libman-Sacks disease
Small sterile vegetations on BOTH sides of leaflets that may contain HEMATOXYLIN BODIES Associated with SLE
46
Takatsubo disease
Aka Broken heart syndrome Temporary DCM secondary to stress
47
Reid's index
Ratio of the thickness of the mucous gland later to the thickness of the wall between the epithelium and the cartilage Gland layer thickness/ wall thickness NV: 0.4 If > 0.4, chronic bronchitis
48
Curshmann spirals
Whorls of shed epithelium in mucus plugs Seen in asthma
49
Charcot-Leyden crystals
Crystalloid made up of eosinophil membrane protein Seen in asthma
50
Kartagener syndrome
Immobile cilia syndrome Bronchiectasis, sinusitis, situs inversus, infertility
51
Schaumann bodies
Laminated concretions of calcium and proteins Seen in sarcoidosis
52
Hampton's hump
Peripheral wedge-shaped density above the diaphragm seen in pulmonary embolism
53
Hansen's disease
Aka Leprosy Caused by M. Leprae
54
Lepidic growth
Feature of bronchoalveolar CA along preexisting structures without destruction of alveolar architecture Butterfly sitting on a fence
55
Azzopardi effect
Basophilic staining of vascular walls due to encrustation by DNA from necrotic tumor cells Seen in small cell lung CA
56
Flexner-Wintersteiner rosettes
Arrangements of a single layer of tumor cells around an apparent "lumen" Seen in Retinoblastoma (the most common primary intraocular malignancy in children)
57
Michaelis-Gutmann bodies
Large, foamy macrophages with laminated mineralized concretions Seen in Malakoplakia - a peculiar vesical (bladder) inflammation secondary to chronic E. coli infection
58
Dohle bodies
Abnormal azurophilic (primary granules) or TOXIC GRANULES seen in leuocytosis Toxic patient - give blue Dohle pineapples
59
Subepithelial humps on EM
PSGN Below podocyte, above BM
60
Suepithelial deposits on EM
MGN
61
Spike and Dome appearance on EM
MGN
62
Double countour appearance on LM
MPGN
63
Tram track appearance on LM
MPGN
64
Subendothelial deposits on EM
MPGN type I
65
Berger's disease
Aka IgA Nephropathy IgA deposits in the mesangium (like HSP) Presents with recurrent gross or microscopic hematuria
66
Henoch-Schonlein Purpura
Purpuric skin lesions in the extensor surfaces of arms and legs (+) IgA deposits in the mesangium (like IgA Nephropathy
67
Congo Red deposits
Amyloid-positive fibrillary deposits present within the mesangium and capillary walls Seen in Amyloidosis
68
Staghorn calculi
Associated with urease-producing organisms Aka struvite stones, magnesium ammonium phosphate stones (with coffin lid appearance)
69
Grawitz tumor
Aka renal cell carcinoma, hypernephroma
70
Fodere's test
Aka hydrostatic test Test to determine whether respiration took place on a newborn before death (Legal Med)
71
Breslau's test
Test that involves floating of the stomach in water to determine the presence of air (Legal Med)
72
Pneumatosis intestinalis
Gas within the intestinal walls Seen in necrotizing enterocolitis
73
Homer-Wright pseudo rosettes
Tumor cells concentrically arranged about a central space (filled with neuropil --> true rosette!) Seen in neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma and primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs)
74
Wilm's tumor
Most common primary renal tumor of childhood Peak: 2-5 yrs old Does not cross the midline (Wan side only!)
75
Minamata disease
Mercury poisoning Cerebral palsy, deafness, blindness, MR Due to methylmercury
76
Mee's lines
Transverse bands in nails seen in Arsenic poisoning
77
Curling ulcer
Gastric ulcer secondary to burn injury
78
Marjolin ulcer
Squamous cell CA secondary to burn injury - with overturned burn edges
79
Flag sign
Alternating bands of pale and dark hair seen in Kwashiorkor
80
Russell's sign
Calluses on back of hands seen in Bulimia Nervosa
81
Russell bodies
Pink globular cytoplasmic inclusions seen in Multiple myeloma
82
Bitot spots
Build up of keratin debris in small opaque plaques seen in Vitamin A deficiency
83
Roth spots
Retinal hemorrhages seen in infective endocarditis
84
Koplik spots
Whitish ulcerated oral mucosal lesions near the opening of Stensen's ducts Seen in measles
85
Damson disease
Aka SSPE, a potentially fatal neurologic compilation of measles
86
Cowdry type A
Large, pink to purple intranuclear inclusions seen in Herpes Simplex and Adenovirus infection
87
Ramsay Hunt Syndrome
Varicella infection involving the geniculate ganglion causing facial nerve paralysis
88
Downey cells
Atypical lymphocytes seen in EBV infection
89
Ritter disease
Aka Staph Scalded Skin Syndrome Exfoliatin cleaves desmoglein in desmosomes Separation of epidermis at STRATUM GRANULOSUM
90
Lyell disease
Aka TEN (> 30% TBSA) Separation at dermo-epidermal junction
91
Pastia's lines
Seen in scarlet fever Due to erythrogenic toxin
92
Fite-Faraco stain
Modified acid-fast stain used to visualize Nocardia Asteroides
93
Fleur-de-lis pattern
Seen in necrotizing pneumonia secondary to Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Striking pale necrotic centers and red, hemorrhagic peripheral areas
94
Donovan bodies
Minute, encapsulated coccobacilli in macrophages visualized on Warthin-starry stain Infection with Klebsiella Granulomatis
95
Donovanosis
Aka Granuloma Inguinale Infection with Klebsiella Granulomatis Beefy red ulcer
96
Diamond-Blackfan syndrome
Congenital hypoplastic anemia aka Pure Red Cell aplasia
97
Cooley's anemia
aka Beta thalassemia Major
98
Defect in HS
Defect in membrane spectrim or ankyrin --> loss of biconcave shape --> more fragile
99
Dx tests for HS
Osmotic fragility test - confirms presence of fragile sphere-shaped RBCs MCHC - increased Retic Count - high Indirect bilirubin - high
100
Osmotic fragility test
Used for diagnosis of HS - to detect presence of sphere- shaped RBCs
101
Pathogenesis of sickle cell anemia
Replacement of glutamine for valine due to mutation in the 6th codon encoding B globin
102
Crew cut X-ray
Sickle cell anemia
103
Hair on end appearance on X-ray
Sickle cell anemia
104
Definitive diagnosis of sickle cell anemia
Hb electrophoresis
105
Megathrombocytes seen in?
ITP
106
Cardinal symptoms of TTP
``` FAT RN Fever Anemia (hemolytic) Thrombocytopenia Renal dysfunction Nervous system changes ```
107
Tx for TTP
Plasmapheresis
108
Pathogenesis of TTP
Acquired deficiency of a metalloproteinase (ADAMTS 13) that is responsible for cleaning the high molecular weight multimers of vWF --> vWF multimers accumulate in plasma --> promote clot formation
109
MC inherited bleeding disorder
Von willebrand disease
110
Platelet count in vWD?
Normal

Pathology (26 decks)

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