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Basic Principles Of Medicine 1-FTM 1 > Epithelium DLA > Flashcards

Epithelium DLA Flashcards

1
Q

What are the types of tissue types?

A
  1. Epithelial tissues- covers body surfaces, lines body cavities, and forms glands
  2. Connective tissue- underlies or supports other three basic tissues structurally & functionally
  3. muscle tissue- consists of contractile cells and responsible for movement
  4. Nerve tissue-receives, transits and integrates information from outside & inside the body to control activities of the body
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2
Q

What are the Diverse functions of epithelium tissue?

A
  1. Secretion ex. Columnar epithelium of stomach and gastric glands
  2. Absorption Ex. Columnar epithelium of intestine
  3. Transportation Ex. Transport material on surface of epithelium with more cilia

Ex. Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium of the trachea

  1. Mechanical protection- Ex. Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium of the skin
  2. Receptor function- receive & transduce eternal stimuli Ex. Olfactory epithelium of the nasal mucosa
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3
Q

Summarize the classifications of epithelium

A
  1. Number of cell layers
    - 1 cell layer= simple
    - 2+ cell layers= stratified
  2. Cell shape of surface, nucleated layer
    Squamous- width> height

Cuboidal- width= depth= height

Columnar- height > width

  1. Specialization of apical cell surface (when applicable)
    - cilia
    - microvilli
    - stereocilia
    - keratinized
    - non keratinized
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4
Q

What are the functions of simple squamous epithelium ?

A
  • exchange
  • barrier
  • lubrication
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5
Q

What are the locations of simple squamous epithelium?

A
  • lining of heart, blood & lymphatic vessels
    • endothelium
  • lining body cavities
    • mesothelium
  • Bowman’s capsule of kidney
  • Lining respiratory spaces of lung
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6
Q

Describe the simple squamous epithelium

A
  • One layer of flat cells attached to basement membrane
  • Cell width > height
  • Apical surfaces are typically smooth
  • Nuclei appear flattened
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7
Q

Where can endothelium be found?

A

Muscular artery, arteriole, venule

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8
Q

Where can mesothelium be found?

A

M3sentery

Mesovarium

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9
Q

What are the epithelium of the renal corpuscle?

A

Simple squamous epithelium

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10
Q

What are the types of epithelium of type 1 alveolar cells?

A

Simple squamous epithelium

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11
Q

What are the major functions of simple cuboidal epithelium?

A
  • absorption
  • secretion
  • barrier
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12
Q

What are the typical locations of simple cuboidal epithelium?

A
  • small ducts of exocrine glands
  • surface of ovary
  • kidney tubules
  • thyroid follicles
  • liver hepatocytes
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13
Q

Briefly describe simple cuboidal epithelium

A
  • One layer of cuboidal cells attached to the basement membrane
  • Cell height= width = depth
  • Nuclei are typically spherical in shape & centrally located
  • Apical surfaces can be smooth or have microvilli
  • Some cells have long and abundant microvilli called a “brush border”
    • Ex. Proximal convoluted tubules of kidney
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14
Q

What are ducts of exocrine glands made of?

A

Pancreatic duct- simple cuboidal epithelium

Surface of ovary - germinal epithelium- simple cuboidal epithelium

Kidney tubules- proximal and distal convoluted tubules

Thyroid follicles- follicular cells-simple cuboidal epithelium

Liver- hepatocytes

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15
Q

What are the major functions of simple columnar epithelium?

A
  • Absorption

- Secretion

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16
Q

What are the typical locations of columnar cells?

A
  • stomach
  • small intestine
  • large intestine
  • gall bladder
  • uterine tube
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17
Q

Describe simple columnar epithelium

A

One layer of columnar cells attached to the basement membrane

  • Cell height > width
  • Nuclei are typically oval in shape and located in the basal region
  • Apical surface may have specialization depending on location & function
    • microvilli
    • cilia
18
Q

What are the major functions of pseudostratified epithelium?

A
  • secretion
  • conduit
  • absorption
19
Q

What are the typical locations of the pseudostratified epithelium?

A

-trachea & bronchial tree

  • male reproductive tract
    • Ductus deferens
    • epididymis
20
Q

Briefly describe the pseudostratified epithelium

A
  • One layer of cells that vary in shape and height
  • most cells are columnar, but some are short basal cells (stem cells)
  • pseudo= false
    • Cells appear stratified (2+ layers), but ALL cells are attached to the basement membrane.
      - Confirmed by electron microscopy

The apical surface of the columnar cells often have apical specializations

  • cilia
  • stereocilia
21
Q

What are the major functions of stratified squamous epithelium?

A
  • barrier

- protection

22
Q

What are the typical locations of stratified squamous epithelium?

A
  • esophagus
  • vagina
  • epidermis
  • oral cavity
23
Q

What are the characteristics of stratified squamous epithelium?

A

Several layers of cells with squamous cells in the superficial layer

  • May be keratinized or non-keratinized depending on location & functional demand
  • Only the deepest layer of cells is in contact with the basement membrane
  • Main functions include protection against injury & abrasion and barrier to dehydration & infection
24
Q

Describe the epidermis

A

Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium

  • thick skin of palms of hands & soles of feet
  • sc- stratum corneum= dead cells filled with keratin filaments
  • SGR= stratum granulosum= most superficial layer of nucleated squamous cells
  • SB= stratum basale= layer of cuboidal cells attached to basement membrane
25
Q

What are the major functions of stratified cuboidal epithelium?

A
  • barrier

- conduit

26
Q

What are the typical locations of stratified cuboidal epithelium?

A
  • sweat gland ducts
  • large ducts of exocrine glands
  • anorectal glands
27
Q

Describe stratified cuboidal epithelium

A
  • 2-3 layers of cells with cuboidal cells in the superficial layer
  • the apical surfaces of superficial cells are often smooth
  • basal cell layer attached to the basement membrane
28
Q

What are the stratified columnar epithelium functions?

A
  • barrier

- conduit

29
Q

What are the typical locations of stratified columnar epithelium ?

A
  • largest ducts of exocrine glands

- anorectal junction

30
Q

What are the characteristics of stratified columnar epithelium?

A
  • composed of two or three layers of cells with columnar cells in the superficial layer
  • basal layer of cells attached to basement membrane
  • not a common type of epithelium
31
Q

What are the major functions of transitional epithelium ?

A
  • barrier

- distensible property

32
Q

What are the typical locations of transitional epithelium?

A

Urinary system

  • renal calyces
  • ureter
  • bladder
  • urethra
33
Q

Describe transitional epithelium

A

Stratified epithelium lining urinary tract -urothelium

Surface cells often are dome-shaped- umbrella cells

In empty bladder, basal cells are mostly cuboidal, middle layer polygonal and apical cells bulge into the lumen

-In stretched bladder, thickness of the epithelium is reduced and the superficial cells are flattened

  • The apical cells have extra cell membrane material near the superficial (apical) surface
    • May possess two nuclei ,
34
Q

What are the apical specializations of cells?

A
  1. Cilia- assist in movement of particles along apical surface
  2. Microvilli- increases cell surface area to facilitate absorption & secretion
  3. Stereocilia- increases apical surface area of cell
35
Q

Where are cilia located?

A
  • respiratory epithelium

- Fallopian tube

36
Q

What are the functions of cilia?

A

Aiding transport of material along surface of cells

-Kartagener syndrome / primary ciliary dyskinesia

37
Q

Describe cilia

A

Elongated, motile structures, the core of microtubules
- 5-19 um in length

  • Microtubules are arranged in a consistent array of two central microtubules surrounded by nine peripheral pairs
  • Cilia rise from electron dense, cylindrical structures called, basal bodies (modified centriole- MTOC)
38
Q

What are the locations of microvilli ?

A
  • small intestine
  • gall bladder
  • kidney
39
Q

What are the functions of microvilli ?

A
  • increasing the apical of the cell

- aid in absorption

40
Q

Describe microvilli

A

Small finger-like projections

  • 1-3 um
  • brush border

Core composed of actin microfilaments (20-30)

Anchored to actin network structure called the terminal web, which contain microfilaments to stabilize the microvilli

41
Q

Describe stereocilia

A

Elongated microvilli
-up ton120 um

Core= actin microfilaments

Function: helps in absorption
location:

  • epididymis
  • vas deferens
  • inner ear

Basic Principles Of Medicine 1-FTM 1 (39 decks)

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