Epithelium and Glands Flashcards
1
Q
Epithelial cells are packed closely together and have a little ____ material. They have ____ membrane which separates epithelium from connective tissue.
A
Intercellular
Basement
2
Q
Epithelial cells functions include: ______
A
Protection, sensory detection, secretion, and absorption
3
Q
_______ are epithelial cells that line blood and lymphatic vessels. _____ lines, body walls, and covers the closed cavities of the body. _____ lines ventricles and atria of heart.
A
Endothelium
Mesothelium
Endocardium
4
Q
Germ layers in the embryo are ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. All epithelial cells are derived from one of these three layers. ________ derived epithelia, _______ derived epithelia, and _____ derived epithelia
A
Ectodermally
Mesodermally
Endodermally
5
Q
Epithelial cells either adhere to the ____ membrane or to other epithelial cells
A
Basement
6
Q
The ___ ____ is a fibrous, extra cellular tissue that anchors epithelium to connected tissue. It also functions as a barrier for malignancy it also functions and signaling and filtration.
A
Basement membrane
7
Q
There are two portions of the basement membrane: ______ ____ (collagens, laminins, and proteoglycans) (PAS stain)
And
____ ____
A
Basal lamina
Reticular lamina
8
Q
This shows a:
A
Basement membrane, apical surface faces outside, lateral surface, and the basal surface
9
Q
____ has the thickest basement membrane. The basement membrane is relatively unstained compared to other tissue.
A
Trachea
10
Q
The ____ stain is a good way to stain the basement membrane
A
PAS
11
Q
Layer classification: _____
Shape of cell: _____
A
Simple, stratified, pseudostratified
Squamous cuboidal columnar
12
Q
Simple epithelium is ____ layer thick. _____ is more than one cell layer. ____ appears like more than one layer but it is really only one layer
A
One
Stratified
Pseudostratified
13
Q
This shows
A
Simple epithelium
14
Q
This shows
A
Stratified epithelium
15
Q
This shows
A
Pseudostratified
16
Q
_______ cells are flattened. _____ or box shaped. ______ are rectangular.
A
Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar
17
Q
This shows
A
Simple squamous
18
Q
This shows
A
Simple squamous on the very outside, hard to see
19
Q
This shows
A
Simple cuboidal , found in tubular type organs
20
Q
This shows
A
Simple cuboidal
21
Q
This shows
A
Simple columnar
22
Q
This shows
A
Simple columnar
23
Q
This shows
A
Pseudostratified columnar
24
Q
This shows
A
Pseudostratified columnar
25
This shows
Stratified squamous epithelium
Non keratinized
26
This shows
Stratified squamous epithelium
Nonkeratinized
27
_____ cells at the surface are dead with no nucleus
Keratinized
28
This shows
Keratinized stratified squamous
29
This shows
Keratinized stratified squamous
At the bottom of foot
30
This shows
Stratified cuboidal
31
This shows
Stratified cuboidal
32
This shows
Stratified columnar
33
This shows
Stratified columnar
34
_____ epithelial has stretching function in the urinary tract: bladder
Transitional
35
This shows
Transitional epithelium, look for pear shape
36
This shows
Transitional epithelium, look for binuclei cells
37
Review
38
Review
39
Review
40
Cell adhesion molecules are usually ____ proteins. They mediate cell to cell and sell to extra cellular matrix interactions. Types include: _______
Transmembrane
Integrins, cadherins, selectins, nectins, and immuno globulin superfamily
41
_____ mediate cell to matrix interactions. They occur in heterodimers with ___ and ___ subunits. They frequently bind to RGD (____ , ____, ____) sequences found on extra cellular matrix molecules
Integrins
Alpha and beta
Arginine , glycine, aspartic acid
42
This shows
An integrin
43
Integrins are usually parts of the ______, which mediate intermediate filaments in the cell. They also function in ____ ____ with actin filaments
Hemidesmosomes
Focal adhesions
44
_____ are homotypic meaning they can only bind to the same type of cadherin. They function in cell to cell adhesion. They are ___ dependent. Found at anchoring junctions. They are ____ proteins
Cadherins
Calcium
Transmembrane
45
This shows
Cadherins interacting with actin filaments between two cells
46
The lateral membrane of cells have ____ junctions, _____ junctions, and _____ junctions
Ocluding
Anchoring
Communicating
47
This shows
Cell to cell junctions
48
______ _____ junctions are tight junctions. They are formed by ____ and ____
Zonula/occludens
Claudins and occludins
49
This shows
Zonula tight junctions
Look for the mesh patterns
50
Zonula tight junctions holds ____ proteins in their correct location
Integral
51
____ ____ or a belt desmosome are composed of ______ linked to actin filaments
Zonula adherins
Cadherins
52
Zonula adherens help _____ individual cells and maintain spacing
Align
53
_____ or desmosomes are formed by _____ that are anchored into plaques that are connected to intermediate filaments
Macular adherens
Cadherins
54
Desmosomes are located in little spots around the cell and are not ______.
Continuous
55
Tight junctions, belt Desmosomes, and spot Desmosomes form the ____ ____
Junctional complex
56
This shows
Junctional complex
Dark staining region at the surface of cell
57
This shows
Junctional complexes
They are very near the apical surface but are located on the lateral surface
58
_____ junctions or Nexus are complexes of proteins that form a channel between two cells that small molecules can pass through
Gap
59
______ line up with other ____ in a different cell and form a gap junction
Connexon
Connexon
60
Review
The first three are the Junctional complex
61
The basal membrane contains _____ junctions: focal adhesions and Hemidesmosomes
Anchoring
62
This shows
Hemidesmosome: Integrins interacting with intermediate filaments
63
This shows
Hemidesmosomes
64
Focal adhesions interact with _____ ____
Intermediate filaments
65
______ is the interaction of all these junctions for the function of the cell
Mechanotransduction
66
67
The apical membrane has surface specializations including: _____
Microvilli, stereocilia, and cilia
68
_____ have a core of microfilaments. They are covered with the cell membrane, and have thick _____ regions, meaning we can use the PAS to stain them.
Microvilli
Glycocalyx
69
____ are often found in absorptive epithelial forming a brush border. They increase the ____ ____ of the cell.
Microvilli
Surface area
70
Microvilli have _____ for hydrolysis of carbohydrates. ____ ____ keep these enzymes trapped on the apical surface
Enzymes
Tight junctions
71
Microvilli are anchored in the ____ ____, interweaving of actin filaments
Terminal web
72
This is showing
Microvilli
73
______ are not cilia but usually very long Microvilli. They are non motile. They are found in ducts of male _____ system. Found in hair cells of _____ in the ear.
Stereocilia
Reproductive
Corti
74
This shows
Stereocilia
75
This compares
Microvilli to stereocilia
76
_____ cilia have 9+2 axoneme, associated with motor proteins. Function is motility. Location is large numbers on apical region of epithelial cells
Motile
77
_____ cilia have 9+0 axoneme without microtubule associated motor proteins. Function in chemo sensors. Location is solitary projections found in nearly all cells.
Primary
78
_____ cilia have 9+0 Axoneme with microtubules associated proteins. Function is rational movement. Location is primitive node of the bilaminar embryonic disc
Nodal
79
Cilia are covered by the ____ ____ and arise from ___ ___ in apical cytoplasm of cells
Cell membrane
Basal bodies
80
This shows
Cilia on pseudostratified epithelium
81
9 peripheral doublet microtubules have a complete tubule called _____ and an incomplete tubule called ____. Spokes that come off from each is the ____ ____
Subfiber A
Subfiber B
Dynein arms
82
This shows
Cilia
83
____ arm walks toward the minus end of the microtubule
Dynein
84
_____ are similar to cilia but are much longer. Usually only 1 or 2 per cell. Whip like motion
Flagella
85
This is showing
Microvilli
86
Review
87
Review
88
Review
89
Epithelia cells are _____. The nutrients have to diffuse through connective tissue and basement membrane. _____ ____ of sensory nerves may penetrate basal lamina for nervous supply.
Avascular
Terminal branches
90
There are different types of epithelial membrane. _____ membrane lines the closed cavities. ____ membrane lines the open cavities and canals. ____ membrane is found in the skin
Serous
Mucous
Cutaneous
91
____ membrane lines the inner surface of joint capsules in connective tissue
Synovial
92
93
Glands:
______ is the part of an organ that conducts the specific function of the organ. ____ is the supportive cells.
Parenchyma
Stroma
94
_____ are derived from the invagination of epithelial surfaces
Glands
95
Terms
Alveolar is the same as ____
Alveolus is the same as ____
Alveoli is the same as ____
Acinar
Acinus
Acini
96
_____ gland have ducts. They secrete substances into a lumen. _____ do not have ducts. They secrete into connective tissue or blood.
Exocrine
Endocrine
97
Development of glands:
98
Types of exocrine glands:
1. _____ secretion: substances exit from the surface of cells
2. _____ secretion: buds of the cytoplasm that contain the secretory product
3. ______ secretion: secretory cells secrets as much of the substance it can and then dies
Merocrine
Apocrine
Holocrine
99
____ secretions are watery. They are poorly glycosylated. Granules are darkly stand with Yosan or hematoxylin. Nucleus often round.
Serous
100
____ secretions are slimy and viscous. They are heavily glycosylated, water soluble, and lost in tissue preparation, use PAS. Nucleus is often compressed or pushed to the side.
Mucous
101
When using H&E stain, ____ gland is very dark and colorful, the ____ gland does not stain at all.
Serous
Mucous
102
_____ exocrine glands have a tube shaped secretory portion. ______ gland has a flasklike shaped secretory portion. ______ gland has both
Tubular
Alveolar
Tubule-alveolar
103
If the duct doesn’t branch it is ____. When the duct branches it is called ____.
Simple
Compound
104
Classifications if glands:
105
Shorter epithelial cells or cuboidal are often _____ ducts.
Intercalated
(Interglobular)
106
Striated cells are often ______ ducts.
Excretory
107
____ _____ is a fixation artifact. Mucous cells fix faster than serous cells, and are more rigid. Serous cells are soft and get squeezed to the outside firing the half moon shape around it
Serous demilunes
108
_____ cells attached to the basement membrane by hemidesmosomes. They also attach to adjacent luminal cells by desmosomes. They are spindle shaped they form a basket like network. they contract similar to smooth muscle cells and squeeze the product out. they are found in sweat, memory, lacrimal, and salivary glands.
Myoepithelial cells
109
What is this showing
Myoepithelial cell
110
Myoepithelial cells contract around luminal cells during ____.
Lactation
111
This is showing
Serous acini (alveoli)
Look for dark stain, the nuclei are mostly round and oval in shape
112
This is showing:
Serous acini,
Look for round nucleus
113
This is showing
Mucous acini
Look for absence of staining. The nuclei are pressed to the outside
114
This is showing
A mixture of mucous acini and serous acini
115
_____ cells are unicellular glands, single cell. They are modified columnar epithelial cells.
Goblet
116
Review
117
118
What type of structure would be used to attach epithelial cells to the basement membrane?
Hemidesmosomes
119
120
121
122
Transitional, not simple cuboidal
123
____ and ____ are filled with microtubules
Cilia and flagella
Not Microvilli or stereocilia
124
