epithelium and epithelial tissue (ch 4)

Question 1

what are the four basic types of tissues?

Answer 1

muscle, nervous, connective, epithelia,

Question 2

what are the three types of epithelial tissue?

Answer 2

squamous, cuboidal, columnar

Question 3

two types of connective tissue?

Answer 3

proper, specialized

Question 4

three types of muscle tissue?

Answer 4

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

Question 5

what’s included in nerve tissue?

Answer 5

Neurons, Neuroglia, Schwann Cells, Satellite Cells)

Question 6

True or false: there is little to no extracellular matrix between epithelial cells

Answer 6

true

Question 7

what are the three functions of the basement membrane?

Answer 7

Provides physical support for the epithelium

Anchors the epithelium to the connective tissue

Acts as a barrier to regulate the movement of large molecules between the epithelium and the underlying connective tissue

Question 8

what binds together epithelial cells?

Answer 8

intercellular junctions

Question 9

what are the four types of intercellular junctions?

Answer 9

tight, adhering, gap, desmosomes

Question 10

what cells make up connective tissue?

Answer 10

fibroblasts and adipose (fat cells)

Question 11

what three kinds of fiber make up the extracellular matrix?

Answer 11

collagen, elastic, reticular

Question 12

what is a ground substance?

Answer 12

a liquid or gel containing water, complex glycosylated proteins, nutrients, and wastes

Question 13

how many cell layers thick is a simple epithelium?

Answer 13

one layer

Question 14

where are simple epithelium found?

Answer 14

in low-stress areas that require diffusion, filtration, secretion, or absorption (eg blood vessels)

Question 15

true or false: the basal surface lies below the basement membrane

Answer 15

false. it’s the other way around

Question 16

where are stratified epithelium found?

Answer 16

in areas likely to be subjected to abrasive activities or mechanical stresses (areas of wear and tear, like larynx or vagina)

Question 17

why do epithelium have high regeneration rates?

Answer 17

cells need to be able to regenerate after injuries to skin

Question 18

what is meant by epithelium being “polarized?”

Answer 18

epithelium are polarized in that they have a basement and an apical surface

Question 19

when is the free/apical surface called a “lumen?”

Answer 19

when epithelium surrounds a tube or cavity

Question 20

what lies BETWEEN the epithelium and connective tissue?

Answer 20

a basal surface, which is connected to the basement membrane

Question 21

what makes up the basement membrane?

Answer 21

matrix of fibers (mainly collagen) and ground substance

Question 22

name the two laminae of the basement membrane

Answer 22

basal lamina and reticular lamina

Question 23

true or false: epithelia are vascular (contain blood vessels of their own)

Answer 23

false. epithelia are avascular

Question 24

how do epithelia get nutrients and oxygen\?

Answer 24

from lumen or underlying connective tissue

Question 25

what is ground substance?

Answer 25

liquid/gel containing water, glycosylated proteins, nutrients, and wastes

Question 26

where is simple epithelium found?

Answer 26

where stress is minimal, and where absorption, secretion, diffusion, or filtration occurs (e.g. air sacs in lungs)

Question 27

where is stratified epithelium found?

Answer 27

areas of wear and tear (e.g. skin, lining of esophagus, vagina)

Question 28

what is pseudostratified epithelium?

Answer 28

a type of simple epithelium that appears to be stratified because some cells are short while others are tall

Question 29

where can pseudostratified epithelium be found?

Answer 29

nasal cavity

Question 30

epithelia are classified by their shape at the ____ surface

Answer 30

apical

Question 31

what are the four types of cell shape classifications for epithelial cells?

Answer 31

squamous, cuboidal, columnar, transitional

Question 32

why the name “transitional epithelium?”

Answer 32

named after ability to stretch or change shape (the apical cells are called “round” or “umbrella”)

Question 33

where can transitional epithelium be found?

Answer 33

only in urinary passages

Question 34

in what two ways are glands classified?

Answer 34

endocrine or exocrine