connective tissue (ch 4)

Question 1

what are the four types of connective tissue?

Answer 1

connective tissue proper, blood, bone, cartilage (BBCC)

Question 2

what are the five types of connective tissue proper?

Answer 2

loose areolar, adipose (fat), reticular, dense regular, dense irregular

• loose areolar, adipose, and reticular = loose tissue
• dense regular and dense irregular = dense tissue

Question 3

what are the two essential parts of connective tissue?

Answer 3

1. cells - living units of tissue
2. matrix - extracellular products of cells (the extracellular matrix is made of two things: ground substance and protein fibers)

Question 4

what three types of protein fibers occur in connective tissue?

Answer 4

reticular, collagen, elastic

Question 5

what is the most abundant of the connective tissue propers?

Answer 5

areolar

Question 6

where is areolar connective tissue found, and what is its function?

Answer 6

underlies most epithelia; retains fluid and fights infection (via blood cells)

Question 7

what kinds of cells are found in areolar tissue?

Answer 7

mainly fibroblasts, some blood cells and adipocytes,

Question 8

what is the function of reticular fibers?

Answer 8

they form stroma (supportive structures for different organs)

Question 9

ground substance is secreted by ____

Answer 9

fibroblasts

Question 10

what is the function of ground substance?

Answer 10

traps interstitial fluid (tissue fluid)

Question 11

what is the function of adipose tissue, and where is it found?

Answer 11

found in many storage areas, like the pericardial cavity; insulates body to trap heat

Question 12

areolar tissue consists mostly of ___

Answer 12

ground substance

Question 13

adipose tissue consists mostly of___

Answer 13

cells

Question 14

dense regular tissue consists mostly of ___

Answer 14

fibers

Question 15

dense irregular tissue consists mostly of ___

Answer 15

fibers

Question 16

what does dense regular connective tissue make up?

Answer 16

tendons and ligaments

Question 17

what does dense irregular connective tissue make up?

Answer 17

found in skin (dermis) and some fascia

Question 18

what’s the difference between dense regular and irregular tissue?

Answer 18

they both consist mostly of collagen, but in dense irregular, collagen fibers are arranged randomly

Question 19

what is the most resilient connective tissue type?

Answer 19

cartilage

Question 20

what are the three types of cartilage?

Answer 20

hyaline, elastic, fibro-cartilage

Question 21

what type of cell makes up cartilage?

Answer 21

chondrocytes

Question 22

what cells make up bone tissue?

Answer 22

osteocytes, which are surrounded by lacunae

Question 23

what are osteons?

Answer 23

functional units of compact bone tissue,

Question 24

Osteons contain concentric rings of bone called ___

Answer 24

lamellae

Question 25

what do lamellae surround?

Answer 25

surround a central canal, through which blood vessels and nerves run through

Question 26

how do osteocytes communicate with each other and with blood vessels?

Answer 26

through passageways called canaliculi

Question 27

what are the thee elements of blood?

Answer 27

erythrocytes ( red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), and platelets

Question 28

function of red blood cells?

Answer 28

transport oxygen, carbon dioxide

Question 29

function of white blood cells?

Answer 29

initiate and control immune response

Question 30

function of platelets

Answer 30

blood clotting

Question 31

A membrane is a ___ plus ___

Answer 31

epithelium, its underlying connective tissue

Question 32

what are the five types of membranes?

Answer 32

cutaneous, mucus, serous, synovial, endothelium

Question 33

cutaneous membrane (aka “skin”) lines what parts of the body?

Answer 33

the whole body

Question 34

what are the two parts of the cutaneous membrane?

Answer 34

dermis and epidermis

Question 35

what is the mucus membrane composed of?

Answer 35

lamina propria (underlying connective tissue) and epithelium

Question 36

what are the two internal membranes?

Answer 36

mucus and serous

Question 37

what is the serous membrane made of?

Answer 37

mesothelium and connective tissue, called the subserous

(tip: “mesothelium” reminds me of mesothelioma, a serious/”serous” condition

Question 38

what do serous membranes surround?

Answer 38

body cavities; offers lubrication via serous fluid
(tip: remember that serous fluid offers lubrication to prevent organs from sticking to each other, so it would make sense that serous membranes surround body cavities)

Question 39

what are the names of the three serous membranes?

Answer 39

pericardium, pleura, peritoneum

Question 40

what does the endothelium line?

Answer 40

blood vessels and the heart

Question 41

what is the name of the endothelium’s connective tissue?

Answer 41

subendothelium

Question 42

what does the synovial membrane line?

Answer 42

lines major joints of the body

Question 43

true or false: all epithelium have connective tissue

Answer 43

true

Question 44

which two membranes consist of true epithelium?

Answer 44

mucous and cutaneous

Question 45

what is fascia?

Answer 45

mixed layer of connective tissues

Question 46

what are the two types of fascia?

Answer 46

superficial fascia and deep fascia

Question 47

what does superficial fascia consist of?

Answer 47

areolar and adipose tissue

Question 48

what does deep fascia consist of?

Answer 48

dense regular and dense irregular connective tissue

Question 49

what does the mucous membrane line?

Answer 49

respiratory and digestive tracts
(tip: you can think “mucous = boogers” so since the mucous membrane is found in respiratory tract, and the nose is part of the respiratory tract, just remember “mucous = boogers = nose = respiratory tract”)