connective tissue (ch 4) Flashcards
what are the four types of connective tissue?
connective tissue proper, blood, bone, cartilage (BBCC)
what are the five types of connective tissue proper?
loose areolar, adipose (fat), reticular, dense regular, dense irregular
- loose areolar, adipose, and reticular = loose tissue
- dense regular and dense irregular = dense tissue
what are the two essential parts of connective tissue?
- cells - living units of tissue
- matrix - extracellular products of cells (the extracellular matrix is made of two things: ground substance and protein fibers)
what three types of protein fibers occur in connective tissue?
reticular, collagen, elastic
what is the most abundant of the connective tissue propers?
areolar
where is areolar connective tissue found, and what is its function?
underlies most epithelia; retains fluid and fights infection (via blood cells)
what kinds of cells are found in areolar tissue?
mainly fibroblasts, some blood cells and adipocytes,
what is the function of reticular fibers?
they form stroma (supportive structures for different organs)
ground substance is secreted by ____
fibroblasts
what is the function of ground substance?
traps interstitial fluid (tissue fluid)
what is the function of adipose tissue, and where is it found?
found in many storage areas, like the pericardial cavity; insulates body to trap heat
areolar tissue consists mostly of ___
ground substance
adipose tissue consists mostly of___
cells
dense regular tissue consists mostly of ___
fibers
dense irregular tissue consists mostly of ___
fibers
what does dense regular connective tissue make up?
tendons and ligaments
what does dense irregular connective tissue make up?
found in skin (dermis) and some fascia
what’s the difference between dense regular and irregular tissue?
they both consist mostly of collagen, but in dense irregular, collagen fibers are arranged randomly
what is the most resilient connective tissue type?
cartilage
what are the three types of cartilage?
hyaline, elastic, fibro-cartilage
what type of cell makes up cartilage?
chondrocytes
what cells make up bone tissue?
osteocytes, which are surrounded by lacunae
what are osteons?
functional units of compact bone tissue,
Osteons contain concentric rings of bone called ___
lamellae
what do lamellae surround?
surround a central canal, through which blood vessels and nerves run through
how do osteocytes communicate with each other and with blood vessels?
through passageways called canaliculi
what are the thee elements of blood?
erythrocytes ( red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), and platelets
function of red blood cells?
transport oxygen, carbon dioxide
function of white blood cells?
initiate and control immune response
function of platelets
blood clotting
A membrane is a ___ plus ___
epithelium, its underlying connective tissue
what are the five types of membranes?
cutaneous, mucus, serous, synovial, endothelium
cutaneous membrane (aka “skin”) lines what parts of the body?
the whole body
what are the two parts of the cutaneous membrane?
dermis and epidermis
what is the mucus membrane composed of?
lamina propria (underlying connective tissue) and epithelium
what are the two internal membranes?
mucus and serous
what is the serous membrane made of?
mesothelium and connective tissue, called the subserous
(tip: “mesothelium” reminds me of mesothelioma, a serious/”serous” condition
what do serous membranes surround?
body cavities; offers lubrication via serous fluid
(tip: remember that serous fluid offers lubrication to prevent organs from sticking to each other, so it would make sense that serous membranes surround body cavities)
what are the names of the three serous membranes?
pericardium, pleura, peritoneum
what does the endothelium line?
blood vessels and the heart
what is the name of the endothelium’s connective tissue?
subendothelium
what does the synovial membrane line?
lines major joints of the body
true or false: all epithelium have connective tissue
true
which two membranes consist of true epithelium?
mucous and cutaneous
what is fascia?
mixed layer of connective tissues
what are the two types of fascia?
superficial fascia and deep fascia
what does superficial fascia consist of?
areolar and adipose tissue
what does deep fascia consist of?
dense regular and dense irregular connective tissue
what does the mucous membrane line?
respiratory and digestive tracts
(tip: you can think “mucous = boogers” so since the mucous membrane is found in respiratory tract, and the nose is part of the respiratory tract, just remember “mucous = boogers = nose = respiratory tract”)
