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ANAT 3601 > cartilage and bone (ch 6) > Flashcards

cartilage and bone (ch 6) Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three types of cartilage?

A

hyaline, elastic, fibro-cartilage

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2
Q

what are the functions of cartilage?

A

support/protection, provide a gliding surface at articulations, forms joins and embryonic skeleton

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3
Q

what is cartilage made of?

A

collagen and ground substance (complex sugar proteins)

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4
Q

what are the cells that produce the matrix of the cartilage?

A

chrondroblasts

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5
Q

Actively mitotic form of a matrix-forming cell found in growing cartilage.

A

chondroblast (cartilage forming cell)

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6
Q

Mature, nondividing cartilage cell.

A

chondrocyte (cartilage maintaining cell)

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7
Q

true or false: cartilage is avascular

A

true (which is why it has a tough time regenerating)

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8
Q

Chondrocytes occupy small spaces called ___

A

lacunae

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9
Q

what are the two ways cartilage grows?

A

interstitial and appositional growth

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10
Q

what protects and regenerates cartilage?

A

perichondrium

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11
Q

interstitial growth is growth in length, while appositional growth is growth in ____

A

diameter

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12
Q

what type of cartilage growth is this?:
chondrocytes divide via mitosis and secrete new
matrix to separate into new lacunae

A

interstitial

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13
Q

what type of cartilage growth is this?
chondroblasts secrete new matrix at the
periphery of cartilage, deep to the perichondrium

A

appositional growth

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14
Q

what type of cartilage is the most common?

A

hyaline

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15
Q

which type of cartilage is the least common?

A

elastic

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16
Q

which type of cartilage forms the skeleton of the fetus?

A

hyaline

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17
Q

true or false: collagen fibers are visible in hyaline cartilage

A

false

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18
Q

where are elastic cartilage found?

A

in external ear and epiglottis

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19
Q

between elastic and fibrocartilage, which is highly flexible, and which resists stretching?

A

elastic is flexible, fibrocartilage resists stretching and compression

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20
Q

how are chondrocytes arranged in fibrocartilage?

A

in columns

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21
Q

where are fibrocartilage found?

A

in symphyses and cushions of joints

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22
Q

true or false: fibrocartilage has no perichondrium

A

true

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23
Q

how are elastic fibers in elastic cartilage arranged?

A

arranged in an irregular pattern

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24
Q

bones are flexible yet __

A

rigid

25
Q

this describes the process of formation and development of blood cells

A

hematopoiesis

26
Q

where does hematopoiesis occur?

A

in red bone marrow

27
Q

where are long bones found?

A

arm, forearm, hand, fingers, thigh, leg, foot

28
Q

where are short bones found?

A

wrist and ankle

29
Q

true or false: bone is vascular

A

true

30
Q

what are sesamoid bones?

A

bone that develop within tendons, e.g. kneecap

31
Q

what is bone composed of?

A

cells and matrix (which is composed of collagen fibers and ground substance)

32
Q

what are the three types of bone cells?

A

osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts

33
Q

bone-forming cells, aka

A

osteoblasts

34
Q

bone-maintaining cells, aka

A

osteocytes

35
Q

bone-destroying cells, aka

A

osteoclasts

36
Q

how do osteocytes differ from osteoblasts?

A

osteocytes are matured bone cells derived from osteoblasts that become entrapped in the matrix they secreted

37
Q

Elongated, rodlike part of a long bone between its two ends; the shaft of a long bone.

A

diaphysis

38
Q

Expanded, knobby region at the end of a long bone.

A

epiphysis

39
Q

what is the epiphysis composed of?

A

outer layer of compact bone and an inner layer of spongy bone

40
Q

former site of bone growth (growth plate), between

diaphysis and epiphysis

A

metaphysis

41
Q

these are thin bones with spongy bone sandwiched between two layers of compact bone

A

flat bones

42
Q

where are flat bones found?

A

cranium, shoulder blade, sternum

43
Q

these are the bones with no obvious geometric regularity

A

irregular bones

44
Q

where are irregular bones found?

A

bones in face and vertebral column

45
Q

bone cells that large, phagocytic; derived from fused bone marrow cells

A

osteoclasts

46
Q

what are the two types of bone connective tissue?

A

compact bone (aka dense or cortical) and spongy bone (aka cancellous)

47
Q

dense bone on the external surfaces made up of Haversian systems (osteons)

A

compact bone

48
Q

cylindrical channel that lies in the center of the osteon; blood vessels and nerves run through it

A

central canal (aka Haversian canal)

49
Q

tiny channels through bone connective tissue that connect lacunae and the central canal

A

canaliculi

50
Q

housed in lacunae and occur between adjacent concentric lamellae

A

osteocytes

51
Q

run perpendicular to the central canals and help connect multiple central canals; also have blood vessels and nerves running through

A

Volkmann canals

52
Q

type of bone that contains no osteons ( aka Haversian systems) and is composed of parallel lamella

A

spongy bone

53
Q

lightweight, honeycombed bone within bone (surrounded by bone marrow)

A

spongy bone

54
Q

what are the bone-associated connective tissues?

A

periosteum, endosteum, articular cartilage

55
Q

a dense connective tissue that covers the external surface of bone

A

periosteum

56
Q

a loose connective tissue that lines the medullary cavity

A

endosteum

57
Q

hyaline cartilage placed at the ends of bones for mobile joints

A

articular cartilage

58
Q

what are the three layers of the trilaminar disk?

A

ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

ANAT 3601 (10 decks)

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