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Anatomy 1 > Epithelium > Flashcards

Epithelium Flashcards

1
Q

How are cells in glandular epithelium specialised?

A

They produce a secretion

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2
Q

Where does the secretion of glandular cells go to?

A

They secrete to a duct or to nearby blood vessels

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3
Q

Where in the body is the renewal of epithelium fast?

A

In intestinal cells as they are renewed every week

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4
Q

Where in the body is the renewal of epithelium slow?

A

In liver or pancreas

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5
Q

Where is the thyroid gland and what does it control?

A

In the throat

Controls metabolism

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6
Q

What are the names of the 2 epithelial-like connective tissues?

A

Endothelium

Mesothelium

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7
Q

What do endothelium and mesothelium tissues line?

A

Endothelium - cardiovascular system

Mesothelium - internal closed cavities e.g. thoracic and abdominal cavities

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8
Q

What is the band of covering epithelium supported by?

A

Basal lamina

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9
Q

What do the transmembrane proteins provide?

A

Very close adhering properties to the cells

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10
Q

What fibres are present in CT?

A

Collagen fibres

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11
Q

What are cells that are closely apposed referred to as?

A

Contiguous

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12
Q

What is the name at the top of the cell?

A

Apical region

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13
Q

What is the name of the bottom of the cell?

A

Basale region

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14
Q

How does the epithelia receive its nutrients?

A

From diffusion of substances from vascular beds that are located within the CT

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15
Q

What are the 3 morphological characteristics of epithelia?

A
  • Number of cell layers
  • Shape of cell
  • Surface specialisations
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16
Q

What are the 3 surface specialisation?

A
  • Cilia
  • Microvilli
  • Keratin
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17
Q

What is the role of simple squamous epithelium?

A

Facilitate passive diffusion of gases or fluid e.g. lungs and kidney

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18
Q

What is the role of simple cuboidal cells?

A

Lines small ducts and tubules - may have excretory, secretory or absorptive functions

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19
Q

What are simple columnar cells associated with?

A

Absorption and secretion e.g. GI tract

20
Q

What is the surface specialisation of the intestine?

A

Microvilli

21
Q

Where is pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium found?

A

In respiratory epithelium; trachea and bronchus

22
Q

What does cilia do?

A

It beats in a uniform direction and moves mucus and trapped particle back up the the mouth

23
Q

What is stratified squamous keratinising epithelium adapted for?

A

To withstand constant abrasion

24
Q

Where is stratified squamous non-keratinising epithelium found?

A

Oral cavity
Oesophagus
Vagina

25
Q

What is the function of the stratified squamous non-keratinising epithelium?

A

For protection

Loss of cells doesn’t compromise underlying tissue

26
Q

Where is transitional epithelium exclusive to?

A

Ureter

Urinary bladder

27
Q

What are the 2 states of transitional epithelium?

A

Relaxed

Stretched

28
Q

How is transitional epithelium adapted?

A

To withstand stretch and toxicity or urine

29
Q

What gland secretes products onto a surface via ducts?

A

Exocrine gland

30
Q

What gland secretes product into the blood stream?

A

Endocrine gland

31
Q

What are the 2 regions of exocrine glands?

A

Secretary portion

Ductile portion

32
Q

What are the 2 classifications for the ductile portion of an exocrine gland?

A

Simple and compound

33
Q

What are the classifications for the secretory units?

A

Acinar and tubular

34
Q

What do mucous glands secrete?

A

Viscous fluid, rich in mucopolysaccharides to lubricate or protect

35
Q

What do serous glands secrete?

A

Watery fluid, rich in enzymes

36
Q

What do seromucous glands contain?

A

They both contain serous and mucous cells

37
Q

What are the shape of serous cells?

A

Pyramidal / cuboidal cells with spherical nuclei

38
Q

What colour do serous cells stain with h&e staining?

A

Dark pink

39
Q

What shape are mucous cells?

A

Cubodial cells with flattened nuclei at base

40
Q

What colour do mucous cells stain with with h&e staining?

A

Pale staining

41
Q

Where can you find a simple tubular gland?

A

Large intestine

42
Q

Where can you find a compound serous acinar gland?

A

Pancreas

43
Q

What does the holocrine gland do?

A

Disintegrates the whole cell to release sebum

44
Q

Give an example of a holocrine gland.

A

Sebaceous gland

45
Q

What do eccrine glands do?

A

They produce a watery sweat and they secrete their products through exocytosis of vesicles

46
Q

What do apocrine glands do?

A

They release the tap of the cell which contains a mix of proteins, lipids and steroids

Anatomy 1 (9 decks)

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