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MCT > Epithelium > Flashcards

Epithelium Flashcards

1
Q

Which germ layers is epithelium derived from?

A

All of them

ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

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2
Q

What epithelium does the ectoderm give rise to?

A

Epidermis and associated glands (sweat, mammary, sebaceous)

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3
Q

What epithelium does the mesoderm give rise to?

A

Mesothelium (lining of body cavity)

Endothelium (lining of blood vessels)

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4
Q

What epithelium does endoderm give rise to?

A

Respiratory tract
GI tract and associated glands (liver, pancreas)
Urinary bladder

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5
Q

Absorption occurs at the _______ end of an intestinal epithelial cell.

A

Apical

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6
Q

What is the basal lamina?

A

AKA basement membrane
Extracellular boundary between epithelium and underlying connective tissue
Can’t usually resolve with light microscope
Underlies and supports epithelium
Molecular filter in kidney
Tissue segregation in embryo
Cancer cells break through during metastasis

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7
Q

The shape of the ________ often approximates the shape of the cell.

A

Nucleus

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8
Q

Olfactory epithelium also contains what cell type?

A

Sensory nerve cells

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9
Q

What are the 7 main functions of epithelial tissues?

A
  1. Protection
  2. Lubrication
  3. Secretion
  4. Transport
  5. Absorption
  6. Excretion
  7. Sensory Reception
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10
Q

What type of epithelium is involved in lubrication?

A

Mesothelium
(moist epithelium)
Moisture comes from underlying connective tissue.

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11
Q

What are three main ways to classify epithelium?

A
  1. Shape of individual cell (squamous, cuboidal, columnar)
  2. Number of layers of cells (simple, stratified, pseudostratified)
  3. Ability of epithelium to distend (transitional)
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12
Q

How is cell shape determined?

A

Relative dimensions in section perpendicular to basal lamina.

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13
Q

Shape of a cell that extends further along basal lamina than it extends perpendicular to basal lamina

A

Squamous

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14
Q

Shape of a cell that extends along basal lamina about the same that it extends perpendicular to basal lamina

A

Cuboidal

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15
Q

Shape of a cell that extends less along basal lamina than it extends perpendicular to basal lamina

A

Columnar

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16
Q

Classification when every cell touches free space / lumen AND basal lamina. (one layer)

A

Simple

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17
Q

Classification when NO cell touches both free space / lumen and basal lamina. (many layers)

A

Stratified

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18
Q

Classification with all cells touch basal lamina, but only some touch free space / lumen. (2 layers)

A

Pseudostratified

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19
Q

Classification when cells can distend. Found in urinary tract. (3-5 layers)

A

Transitional

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20
Q

What is the structure and function of simple squamous epithelium and where is it found?

A

Thin, material can get across
Endothelium
Mesothelium
Lung alveoli

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21
Q

What is the structure and function of simple cuboidal epithelium and where is it found?

A

Larger cells than squamous due to increased need for cellular machinery
Glands/ducts in pancreas and liver
Sweat glands
Kidney tubules

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22
Q

What is the structure and function of simple columnar epithelium and where is it found?

A 
Absorptive or secretory (long nuclei and cells) 
Stomach 
Intestines
Oviduct
Uterus
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23
Q

What is the structure and function of stratified squamous epithelium and where is it found?

A

Many layers, rough and tough
Skin
Esophagus
Mouth

24
Q

What is the structure and function of stratified cuboidal epithelium and where is it found?

A 
Sweat gland ducts (dump in stratified skin) 
Sebaceous glands (dump into stratified skin) 
Ovarian Follicles
25
Q

What is the structure and function of stratified columnar epithelium and where is it found?

A

Pharynx and larynx (rare)

26
Q

What is the structure and function of stratified transitional epithelium and where is it found?

A 
Outer cells can distend 
Urinary bladder
Ureter
Urethra 
Male reproductive tract
27
Q

What is the structure and function of pseudostratified columnar epithelium and where is it found?

A

2 layers
Trachea
Bronchi
Epididymis

28
Q

What is the main difference between dry epithelium and moist epithelium? (both stratified squamous)

A 
Dry = keratinized
Moist = non-keratinized
29
Q

_________ contain actin, are about 2 microns long, and function in absorption.

A

Microvilli

30
Q

________ contain microtubules, are 5-10 microns long, and function to move material along the cell surface.

A

Cilia

31
Q

_______ contain actin, are up to 30 microns long, and function in hearing ad absorption in the male reproductive tract.

A

Stereocilia

32
Q

Actin in microvilli comes down to meet a network of actin and myosin known as the _________.

A

Terminal web

33
Q

What is the main function of microvilli?

A

Increase absorptive surface area

34
Q

A layer of closely packed microvilli is often termed:

A

brush or striated border

35
Q

The trachea contains ______ that help move mucus away from the lung.

A

Cilia

36
Q

What is the structure of a cilium?

A

9 + 2 microtubule arrangement

Dynein used fro movement

37
Q

Term that refers to “all the way around the cell”

A

Zonula

38
Q

Term that refers to a point (not all the way around)

A

Macula

39
Q

The junctional complex (terminal bar) is made up of which three junctions?

A 
Zonula occludens (tight junction) 
Zonula adherens 
Macula adherens (desmosome)
40
Q

What is the function of zonula occludens (tight junctions)?

A

Occludes extracellular space
Prevents diffusion between human and underlying connective tissue (prevents material - undigested food - from going between cells)
Barrier to lateral diffusion of plasma membrane proteins

41
Q

What is the function of zonula adherens?

A

Anchors actin filaments to membrane
Maintains cell tone
Establishes proper tension at cell junctions

42
Q

What is the function of macula adherens (desmosome)?

A

Cell-cell adhesion
“spot weld”
Uses thicker keratin filaments

43
Q

What is the function of macula communicans (gap junctions)?

A

Intercellular movement of ions and metabolites
Communication between adjacent cells
(Esp. heart)

44
Q

What is the difference between desmosomes and hemi-desmosomes?

A

Desmosomes connect neighboring cells

Heme-Desmosomes anchor cell to basal membrane

45
Q

__________ are composed of 6 subunits and make up the open channels between adjacent cells found in gap junctions.

A

Connexons

46
Q

When might a gap junction channel rotate to close and become inactive?

A

When the cell dies

47
Q

If an __________ gland forms, connecting cells persist for form the duct. (Deepest cells become secretory)

A

Exocrine

48
Q

If an ___________ gland forms, connecting cells disappear. (Deepest cells remain to secrete into capillaries)

A

Endocrine

49
Q

What are the different types and classification of exocrine glands?

A

Can be unicellular (goblet cells)

Can be multicellular (alveolar/acinar or tubular)

50
Q

What is the structure and function of a goblet cell?

A

Produces mucus and secretes directly onto surface
Flat nucleus
Usually stains palely with a “foamy” appearance
Glands with a lot of goblet cells = simple tubular glands

51
Q

A ___________ gland secretes non viscous, proteinaceous secretion (enzymes), sometimes contains secretion granules (pancreatic acinar cells)

A

Serous gland

52
Q

A ________ gland secretes viscous, proteins-polysaccharides, lubricating function, often pale staining with H & E (Goblet cell)

A

Mucous

53
Q

Most glands use the _________ mode of secretion. The cell remains intact during the secretory process. Exocytosis. (Simple epithelium)

A

Merocrine = Eccrine

54
Q

Mammary glands use the _________ mode of secretion. The apex of the cell is secreted along with secretory product. (Simple epithelium)

A

Apocrine

55
Q

The sebaceous gland uses the __________ mode of secretion. The entire cell is secreted. (Stratified epithelium)

A

Holocrine

56
Q

How can glands be classified?

A

By secretory portion shape: tubular, flasklike (alveolar or acinous), or both (tubule-alveolar)
By duct branching: no branching (simple), branching (compound)

MCT (13 decks)

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